美国警察"社区为本"的反家庭暴力模式

自20世纪70年代起,美国警察就开始介入反家庭暴力运动.美国警察对家庭暴力的干预是美国近年来对家庭暴力的认识转变、法律改革、警务改革的结果.经过三十多年的探索与研究,他们总结出"社区为本"的反家庭暴力模式.在"社区为本"的反家庭暴力模式中,美国警察开始从传统的、持消极处理态度的调解者身份向现代的、持积极处理态度的执法者和社区服务者角色转变.这种"社区为本"模式有助于充分利用社区的各种资源,帮助受虐者,对预防与消除家庭暴力起了至关重要的作用.     

也谈正确认识和认定刑法上的因果关系

认识刑法中的因果关系,应当先从行为的客观性质着手确定行为与结果有无因果关系,然后再结合行为人的主观罪过确定其行为是否属危害行为,进而确定其刑事责任的轻重;刑法中的因果关系是危害行为与危害结果之间的一种内在的、本质的联系,危害行为（即原因）的产生带有偶然性,刑法上因果关系本身是必然性和偶然性的辩证统一;应当正确区分因果关系中的原因与条件;不能把刑法上的因果关系与构成犯罪和承担刑事责任等同起来。     

共同正犯相关问题研究

作者探讨共同正犯的相关问题 ,提出共同正犯是共犯类型 ,并对国外刑法理论关于共同正犯理论的犯罪共同说、行为共同说和意思主体共同说进行了评析 ,提出了共同正犯成立的基本范围 ,分析了共同正犯的主观要件和实行行为形态 ,并就共谋共同实行行为、继承的共同实行行为、分担的共同实行行为等存在较大争议的问题进行分析 ,提出了自己观点。     

论诉讼中附属证据性行政行为问题的解决

诉讼中附属性行政行为问题是指具体行政行为在诉讼中作为证据如何审查判断其效力的问题 ,实质是其公定力与证据效力的关系问题。具体行政行为中认定的事实具有相对公定力 ,直接确定的法律关系具有绝对公定力。应当根据具体行政行为是否具有公定力、公定力的效力范围及具体行政行为所处状态 ,灵活适用行政诉讼制度和本案诉讼的证据审查规则确定其证据效力。     

THE YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT

In April 2003, the face of Canada's youth criminal justice system changed considerably. The Young Offenders Act (YOA) was repealed and the substitute legislation, the principle-laden Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), came into effect. It is not an entirely new act but was designed to build on the strengths of the YOA and address its weaknesses. The biggest criticism of the YOA was its lack of clear legislative direction; through the numerous principles and additional provisions, the YCJA proposes a remedy. The focus of this article is on two areas of the Act in particular, extrajudicial measures and sentencing, as these areas experienced the most change in the process of reforming the legislation. Specifically, these sections of the Act are analyzed in relation to four of the perceived problems under the YOA, all of which tie into the lack of clear legislative direction. If the provisions contained in these segments of the YCJA are adhered to in the manner and sentiment intended and if the principles are made a priority, then 1) the rate of youth incarceration in Canada should decrease, 2) the courts should no longer be overused, 3) there should be proper distinction between various degrees of seriousness of crimes, and 4) there should be more consistency in youth sentences across the country.     

Premature or stillborn? – The recent challenge to the Digital Economy Act

The High Court has recently delivered judgment on the judicial review of the Digital Economy Act 2010 (DEA) and the draft Costs Order¹ on application by BT and Talktalk.² Mr Justice Kenneth Parker rejected the application on all but one ground (one aspect of the cost sharing arrangement). See: The Queen on the Application of British Telecommunications Plc, Talktalk Telecom Group Plc v The Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills [2011] EWHC 1021 (Admin), Judgment of 20. April 2011.     

The impact of at-large elections: vote dilution or choice dilution?

Multi-member, at-large legislative elections result in election outcomes different from outcomes in single-member district elections for two reasons: they cancel out the voting strength of geographically concentrated groups of voters (e.g., party groups, racial groups), and they make it difficult for a voter to vote for an individual candidate, rather than for one of the competing lists of candidates. An electoral setting in Long Island, New York, presents an opportunity to test which of these two aspects of at-large elections—vote dilution or choice dilution—accounts for the usual pattern of one party (or group) winning all the legislative seats at stake.     

What is a Fair Trial? Rape Prosecutions, Disclosure and the Human Rights Act

This article engages with the vogue for predicting the effects of the Human Rights Act 1998 by focusing on the rape prosecution and trial. The specific interest is feminist scrutiny of the right to a fair trial, particularly the concept of ‘fairness’, in light of the increasing use of disclosure rules (in Canada and England) to gain access to medical and counseling records. Transcending the two contemporary narratives of ‘victims’/women’s rights and defendants’ rights in the criminal justice system, the authors argue for the infusion of the legal debate on disclosure with feminist understandings of wider cultural debates. They suggest that an increased reflexivity about intimacy, publicity and power, leading perhaps to the development of a concept of ‘democratic publicity’ (Fraser, 1997, p. 100), might help to revision the meaning of ‘relevant’ evidence in the rape trial. They also suggest that the wide-ranging cultural debate about memory, truth and history, and the emerging commitment to experimentation in responding to massive, institutionalised human rights violations (including apartheid, war crimes and child abuse) might be of use in deepening current thinking about the rape trial and listening to the ‘voice’ of the complainant. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论无效行政行为

无效行政行为是各国行政程序法的一项重要规定 ,本文通过对无效行政行为的理论依据、认定标准、具体原因、法律后果及确立无效行政行为的意义等方面的分析 ,提出了在行政程序法中明确规定无效行政行为的建议。