二战中罗斯福奉行"先欧后亚" 战略之原因探析

二战中罗斯福奉行的"先欧后亚"战略,既是美国全球战略的具体体现,又反映了国际社会主要矛盾的发展,同时中国人民的抗日战争也为该战略的实施提供了良好的条件.     

The Future of the European “Social Model” in the Global Economy

This article examines the prospects for European welfare states in the context of globalization. It begins with a critical review of the globalization arguments. While there is some evidence that external constraints make life harder for policymakers seeking positive-sum outcomes, it is the combination of national debt and spending limits, plus domestic tax resistance, that really count in making expenditure-based social and employment policies more difficult in certain countries. In understanding the constraints and opportunities that will shape Europe's welfare future, globalization—crudely understood—is therefore much less influential than many suppose. While EMU has radically diminished national autonomy in exchange rate, monetary policy, and fiscal policy, there are also beneficial consequences for social policy and broader economic management. On the employment and social policy side, initiatives required to match greater flexibility with sustained security are now at the top of the EU agenda, and mechanisms for diffusing best practice across Europe are being put in place. Within this framework, European welfare states must place more emphasis on dynamic equality, being primarily attentive to the worst off, more hospitable to incentive-generating differentiation, and actively vigilant with regard to the openness of opportunity structures.     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中caspase-8表达的研究

目的检测皮肤切创愈合过程中caspase-8的表达,探讨用caspase-8表达的规律推测皮肤损伤时间。方法建立小鼠皮肤切创模型,应用免疫组织化学技术和Western blot方法检测切创后不同时间皮肤中caspase-8的表达,以未切创小鼠皮肤组织作对照。结果伤后12~24h的损伤皮肤组织中部分单核细胞表达caspase-8。随伤后时间延长,caspase-8阳性细胞以单核细胞及成纤维细胞为主。结论伤后3~6h,caspase-8阳性细胞比率较低,12h后逐渐升高,3d达到高峰,以后逐渐下降。实验组中,1、3、5、7d组可见明显的caspase-8活化片段,位于分子量Marker44/42处。结论小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,caspase-8在损伤区单核细胞及成纤维细胞中表达,其时序性变化规律可望用于皮肤损伤时间的推断。     

澳门在西学东渐中的地位

澳门是西学东渐的植入点。西方传教士最初到中国传教， 都以澳门为第一个落脚点， 他们在澳门建立教堂、医院、文化设施， 使西方文化首先扎根澳门。澳门是西方文化向中国内地传播的散发点。西方传教士在澳门积累一定经验后， 以此为基地， 进一步向中国内地渗透， 他们在传教的同时， 也大量传播了西方科学技术和文化艺术， 或翻译西方科技著作， 或参与中国的文化活动， 如修定历法、园林设计等。澳门是近代中国多次进步政治运动的舆论传播地和依托地。洪秀全太平天国革命， 康有为、梁启超戊戌维新， 孙中山反清革命活动， 都与澳门有着密切的关系。     

Ethnicity and Religion in the Archipelago of San Andrés,Providencia and Santa Catalina

Moving between historic reconstruction and ethnographic data, this article analyses the close relationship existing between memory, religion and ethnicity in the case of the Raizal people of the islands of San Andrés and Providencia (in Colombia's Western Caribbean). The dual colonial history of the islands and the peculiar modalities of the emergence of Creole society there, which is closely related to the establishment of the Baptist Church in a context of relative isolation, contributed decisively to defining the current political demands of the Raizal ethnic movements.     

“法治”初探——中西“法治”概念之比较

法治建设应该首先明确法治概念的内涵和要素。由于哲学基础、社会结构、国家形态的不同,中国传统历史文化中虽然有"法治"这一用语,但在概念上与西方通用的内涵大有差异,体现了背后法律思维趣味的不同。中国不曾有过西方近代意义上的法治,法治概念在中国出现才仅仅有百余年历史,我国法治精神的培养和法治建设依然任重而道远。     

The regular article tracking developments at the national level in key European countries in the area of IT and communications – Co-ordinated by Herbert Smith LLP and contributed to by firms across Europe

This column provides a concise alerting service of important national developments in key European countries. Part of its purpose is to compliment the Journal's feature articles and Briefing Notes by keeping readers abreast of what is currently happening “on the ground” at a national level in implementing EU level legislation and international conventions and treaties. Where an item of European National News is of particular significance, CLSR may also cover it in more detail in the current or a subsequent edition.     

Multiple democracies: political cultures and democratic variety in post-enlargement Europe

Democratization studies endorses a liberal view of democracy and political culture. Insufficient notice is taken of alternative models of democracy. I argue that a ‘multiple democracies’ approach that takes potential variety in democratic political cultures into account has three advantages over the conventional approach: it is sensitive to the historical and contextual nature of democratic regimes, it takes a dual imaginary into account, and it is able to conceptualize the emergence of innovative forms of political culture. Instead of a ‘model approach’, I suggest a multiple democracies approach that identifies political cultures by means of available patterns of cultural repertoires or ethics of democracy.     

西方法律形式合理性形成中的数学因素

数学思维对亚里士多德的三段论逻辑体系的形成起着决定性的影啊,而西方文化逻辑就主要建立在亚里士多德的三段论逻辑体系之上。由于西方的数学是演绎数学,具有形式化的特点,所以,建立在演绎数学基础上的西方文化逻辑便具有注重形式化的特点。西方文化逻辑对西方文化中的所有学科都有影响,法律也不例外。西方的思维方式很大程度上是建立在演绎数学的基础之上,所以,受思维方式影响的西方法律也必然具有形式化的特点,即注重法律形式合理性。由于数学是理性的化身,所以,近现代西方法律理性化的结果使法律得到了数学理性更深的改造。数学思维虽然不是近现代西方法律形式合理性形成的唯一影响因素,但无疑是决定性的影响因素。     

欧洲法院的司法独立性对欧洲一体化进程的贡献

半个世纪以来,欧洲一体化进程的实践证明,经济一体化、政治一体化的实现都离不开统一的欧洲法律体系的建设。欧洲法院司法实践证明,在欧洲一体化进程中,欧洲法院司法独立的作用功不可没。文章从分析欧洲法院的特点入手阐述其司法独立性及其在欧洲一体化进程中的作用。