“成瘾犯罪”若干问题探析

“成瘾”是行为人由于反复或者过度从事某种行为而导致的一种精神行为障碍，行为人在这种状态下实施的犯罪行为即为“成瘾”犯罪。成瘾犯罪的产生有多种原因，因此，对其预防也应从多方面入手。精神行为障碍是影响刑事责任能力的重要因素，刑事责任能力是行为人承担刑事责任的基础，“成瘾”犯罪的刑事责任能力的有无和大小将决定其刑事责任的有无和轻重。     

论未成年人网瘾形成的原因及预防

网瘾已成为困扰未成年人健康成长的严重社会问题,关乎国家、民族、家庭和未来。因此,必须引起高度重视,要认真分析未成年人网瘾形成的原因,并根据原因采取预防未成年人网瘾的具体措施,切实预防未成年人网瘾,减少未成年人违法犯罪,为未成年人创造健康成长的良好条件,真正把未成年人培养成为社会主义现代化建设的优秀人才。     

社会工作对青少年网络成瘾问题的干预

青少年网络成瘾给青少年的身体、心理和社会性发展带来了极大威胁。究其原因,主要是青少年身心发展不成熟、网络的极大吸引力以及家庭教育失位、学校教育失力与社会环境的复杂共同作用的结果。因此,社会工作者要通过各种方式做好预防工作,并在正确判断青少年网络成瘾＂真假性＂的基础上,激发青少年治疗网瘾的动机,以有效治疗网络成瘾的青少年,并评估成效,跟进服务。     

Transforming the media: a cultural approach

Abstract

Mobile phone text messaging often is more affordable than voice messaging in the developing world. Its similarity to instant messaging and other Internet synchronous communication technologies suggests that overuse and addiction-like tendencies might be found among users, as has been identified with similar technology applications. Symptoms related to components of addiction diagnoses were found to be prevalent among 21respondents to a survey, all of whom completed questionnaires at the University of Mauritius. Between 6% and 11% of respondents showed symptoms of addiction related to tolerance, withdrawal, displacement of attention to school or work, and the inability to diminish use. Displacement of people was common among a higher percentage of respondents. The number of messages sent, and the perceived skill at using SMS technology were significant predictors of the number of addiction criteria exhibited by respondents. Among the small percentage who revealed symptoms of addiction, usage of text messaging was double to triple that found in most of the rest of the population sample studied. While gender had been shown to be a predictor of overuse tendencies in past studies, no gender differences were found for addiction measures, but males were heavier users of text messaging than females.     

高校大学生网瘾的形成原因及戒除对策

急剧变动的社会环境、家庭不良的教育方式、学校特有的管理体制,是高校大学生网络成瘾的外在条件,个人的人格特质、心理特点和认知模式则是大学生网络成瘾的内在原因。加强思想政治教育,改进教育管理制度,完善心理援助机制,丰富人文关怀内涵,预防和解除高校大学生网络成瘾,促进学生人格发展和身心和谐。     

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subsequent Substance Abuse in a Sample of Sexual Offenders: Implications for Treatment and Prevention

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of substance abuse indicators in a sample of male sexual offenders (N = 679) and to examine the influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on the likelihood of substance abuse outcomes. Half of these sex offenders reported a history of drug or alcohol abuse, and nearly one in five reported a substance-related arrest. Higher ACE scores were associated with endorsement of a greater number of substance-abuse-related problems, suggesting that accumulation of early trauma may increase the likelihood for substance misuse. By enhancing our understanding of the frequency and antecedents of dynamic risk factors such as substance abuse, we can better devise clinical interventions that respond to the comprehensive needs of sexually abusive individuals and reduce risk for sexual reoffense. As well, early interventions for at-risk families and maltreated youth may interrupt their trajectory toward adulthood substance abuse and criminal behavior, including sex offending.     

酒精成瘾与犯罪

对酒精成瘾与犯罪的关系,学说上有3种不同的观点:①饮用酒类直接构成犯罪;②酒精中毒间接引起严重犯罪行为;③共同致病模式。在关系模型的基础上综述了酒精成瘾犯罪的特征以及罪犯的人格特征和行为特征,其生物基础、责任能力的评定以及对犯罪的预防。     

精神障碍吸毒者刑事责任能力研究

随着毒品在我国的蔓延,吸毒的人数渐渐增多,精神障碍的吸毒者犯罪也开始引起相关部门的注意,对这一特殊犯罪人群能否比照精神病人来处理意见不统一。笔者介绍了其他诸国的相关法律规定,结合本国国情和相类似的法律规定,阐明了对精神障碍的吸毒者犯罪一般作完全刑事责任能力评定为最优的观点。     

大学生网络成瘾现象调查、干预与分析——以湖南警察学院网瘾学生研究为例

通过发放网络成瘾诊断问卷等相关问卷对湖南警察学院大一新生进行抽样调查,结果发现,湖南警察学院新生的网络成瘾总检出率为10%,其中男性高于女性,非公安专业高于公安专业。在具体的心理特点上,网瘾学生更容易产生焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍,有更高的自尊水平。对网络成瘾学生进行为期三个月的团体辅导和干预研究后发现,学生网络成瘾程度有所下降,同时强迫性上网症状、时间管理问题等问题有所改善,研究结果为学校教育提供了一定可资参考的建议。     

从“网瘾”走向“网创”——大学生网络成瘾防治新方法探索

当今社会大学生网络成瘾已经成为一个日益突出的问题,认识和预防大学生网络成瘾已成为现阶段高校大学生思想政治教育工作的重要内容,对大学生健康教育有现实与积极的作用。大学生网络成瘾防治应当建立新视角、探索新方法,打破＂学业预警＋心理干预＂这种戒断式的防治大学生网络成瘾的常规教育引导方式,实现从＂网瘾＂走向＂网创＂的＂转移式＂网络成瘾防治新方法,在尊重学生对网络的爱好和兴趣的基础上,依托网络本身的优势,促使大学生成为＂网创人才＂。