制度化与有效性的平衡——领导小组与政府部门协调机制研究

探寻制度化且行之有效的政府部门协调机制对于提高当下中国国家治理能力至关重要。普遍存在于各级政府机构的领导小组因其独特的组织和权力结构而成为中国政治运行的重要节点,能够高效地集中行政资源,处理跨部门、跨区域的公共事务。随着现代国家的理性化成长,领导小组也呈现出制度化趋势,为建构适合中国国情、制度化与有效性俱强的政府部门协调机制提供了契机。     

服务型政府理念下的地方政府创新——基于淮安市政府101%服务的实证研究

建设服务型政府是我国各级政府努力的方向和发展的趋势,但是在更多的地方却停留在理念层次。淮安市政府的101%服务,是在服务型政府理念的具体实施和落实。本文主要从淮安市101%满意服务实践出发,分析了其创新点和成功之处,并结合服务型政府理念和治理理论,对淮安市的101%服务活动进行了理论总结和实证研究。     

THE MEANING OF DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

Prevailing paradigms of macro‐economic management and levels and distributions of poverty in some rich countries suggest that economic and strategic self‐interest rather than poverty reduction in poor countries are likely to be the primary objectives of much development assistance. The incommensurability of the paradigms of development discourse makes it unlikely that strongly held ideologically based positions on these matters will change quickly or easily. Moreover, non‐altruistic positions can be maintained more readily by virtue of the loose construction of international declarations such as the Paris Declaration. Based on different interpretations of the Paris Declaration, empirical evidence from Cambodia and Indonesia of donor opportunism that is designed to maximise aid control and aid distinctiveness for non‐altruistic purposes is presented. Recent sharp declines in donor legitimacy have made this more difficult to do, but even so, there have been no concomitant reductions in donor self‐assurance concerning their exclusive possession of the moral and technical high ground. Such behaviour is, however, increasingly resented particularly by government officials in lower middle‐income countries like Indonesia. Resulting relationships lack trust and are therefore unlikely to contribute optimally either to the realisation of non‐altruistic purposes or to poverty reduction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

在华外国人向外引渡的障碍及对策研究简

随着全球化趋势在世界范围内的不断拓展,大批外国人不断涌入我国,同时外国人犯罪的案件数和犯罪人数呈逐年增长趋势,日益成为影响我国公共安全和社会秩序的重要因素.引渡作为国际警务合作中的一项重要制度,在联合打击国际性犯罪、维护国际秩序方面发挥着重要作用,而在引渡制度程序中,向外引渡容易成为被人忽视的领域.一国向外引渡的理论与实践的水平更能体现一国的法制水平和执法效率,也关系到一国的国际执法水平和国际法制形象.     

Principles for design of projects introducing improved wood-burning cooking stoves

Projects introducing improved stoves that save firewood and reduce emissions and indoor smoke address real needs but have often not succeeded as expected. One of the reasons may be that lessons have not been learnt effectively. We reviewed the only available comprehensive list of principles for stove project design. We modified it, and added more principles based on literature and our own experience. Our list consists of 20 principles covering the areas of awareness creation of multiple benefits, stove design and variety, participation of the beneficiaries, production modes, role of subsidies, and the necessity of accurate assessments and reporting.     

Using birthing kits to promote clean birth practices in Ethiopia

This article explores three NGO projects that assemble and distribute clean birthing kits in Ethiopia. It contrasts the government's health strategy that aims to increase skilled birth attendance, with local realities as most women in rural and remote settings give birth at home, often in unhygienic conditions, and without skilled assistance. Many health facilities are also unable to provide hygienic conditions for birthing women. The findings indicate that clean birth kits have assisted the NGOs to effectively promote clean delivery at home or in health facilities, and to encourage antenatal care, and early referral to emergency obstetric and new-born care.     

公务员投诉规范的设立与完善——相对人发起追究公务员责任的路径探析

通过行为规范的形式优化公务员治理结构、增强公务员服务属性,是当前行政法治环境下改善公务员执法状况的重要环节,也是内部行政法的关键问题之一。在公务员行为规范体系中,投诉规范是指由相对人对公务员的违法或不当行为进行投诉,并由公务员所在机关进行处理的一种责任机制。投诉规范开启了由相对人发起追究公务员责任的民主路径,在公务员文明执法的树立、行政风气的改善以及违规责任的追究等方面具有重要意义。而在现行立法与实践状况的基础上,对投诉途径、程序和实效性等事项进行综合分析并提出相关建议,则能对其条款设置的进一步完善提供参考。     

论碳排放权设质依据及立法建议

碳排放权是在碳排放额度上设立的一项新型无形财产权。因其具有交换价值,故能设立担保。物权法定原则的缓和化扫除了设定碳排放权担保的理论障碍。碳排放权的特性和权利质权的构造决定了在碳排放权上设定权利质权比设定抵押权更为适宜。建议立法者在设立碳排放权质权时,采用登记生效模式。与其他权利质权相比,碳排放权质权更易受政策影响,故体现的物上代位性较弱。因此,质权人宜选择其他保全碳排放权质权的方式。     

‘We will not balance the books on the backs of the poorest people in the world’: Understanding Conservative Party Strategy on International Aid

The decision of the Conservative‐dominated coalition to ring‐fence international development spending has been, given the economic environment, one of most intriguing decisions of the new government. Recognising the relative neglect of academic work on Conservative policy towards international development, the article seeks to provide an explanation for its new‐found prioritisation. In doing so, the article suggests that it can be attributed to four possible influences: that it can be tied to the process of modernisation and brand decontamination of the Conservatives; that it is a consequence of the personal commitment of key elites such as David Cameron, George Osborne and Andrew Mitchell; that it is by‐product of the perceived success of the Department for International Development under New Labour, which made subsuming it within the Foreign and Commonwealth Office a non‐viable (and expensive) option; and that protecting the international aid budget was actually in the British national interest.     

Laminated safety glass as an intermediate target: a wound ballistic study

Various 9‐mm ammunitions (A1, A4, A5, ST, GS, GSb, P.E.P., SeCa, HP, PTP/s, VM, McVG, DM41, PTP, SX2, PT, and MEN frangible) were tested regarding their velocity, energy, angle of impact, and potential wound channel after penetrating a car window at 30° and 90°. Test materials were gelatine, soap, and pig cadavers. The velocities of the projectiles were between c. 288 and 430 m/ses, the energy spread between 394 and 564 J. Handgun bullets fired through vehicular side window glass lose substantial energy reducing the effectiveness of the ammunition. This effect is greater when fired at an angle of 30° compared to 90°. At a shooting angle of 90°, none of the different projectiles showed remarkable differences considering its wound ballistic features. Accuracy is maintained at a 90° angle but seriously impaired at 30°. None of the examined ammunition complied with the demanded wound channel effectiveness of 30–60 J/cm.