Intangible heritage: traditional medicine and knowledge governance

Legal context: Although traditional medicine constitutes a component part ofthe identity of the cultural communities concerned, this formof intangible cultural heritage is vulnerable in a globalizingworld where little place is left for the protection of beliefsystems. Key points: While much has been written on traditional knowledge and IPrights, less scholarly attention has focused on the culturaldimension of traditional medicine. Further, no solution hasbeen reached on the best way to ensure its protection. Thiscontribution attempts to establish a linkage between differentsectors of international law, addressing the complex interplaybetween traditional medicine, intended as a special form ofintangible cultural heritage, and international knowledge governance. While the TRIPS Agreement adopts only proprietary approachesto knowledge governance, it has been questioned whether, inthe case of pharmaceuticals, other non-proprietary approacheswould be preferable. Different approaches will be put forwardand the Draft Treaty on Medical Research and Development willbe considered. This would provide a better framework for safeguardingand diffusing traditional medicine. Practical significance: Protecting and promoting traditional medicine may help curingdiseases spread all over the world. Thus, beyond its culturalaspects, the practical importance of traditional medicine liesin its capacity to promote the right to health and human dignity.     

国际间国内生产总值比较中的若干问题探讨

国内生产总值(GDP)是反映一国所有常住单位在核算期内生产活动最终成果的总量指标,是所有经济分析和国际间比较研究中使用频率最高的一个重要指标。我国的国内生产总值指标无论在生产范围、总产出及其估价、中间消耗及其估价等方面还是在计算方法方面都与SNA(1993年版)核算体系中的该指标有所不同,因此,在国际间比较GDP指标时应慎重。     

入世后中国农产品对外贸易发展研究

作者在文中分析了中国农产品对外贸易的现状和入世对中国农产品对外贸易的影响，提出了入世后发展中国农产品对外贸易的对策，即提高优势农产品质量，培育龙头企业，改革农业管理体制。     

我国主要农产品国际竞争力的实证分析

考虑到我国各种主要农产品国际竞争力上的差距,本文选用了国际市场占有率、显示比较优势法、净出口指数法等方法测算、比较了我国21种主要农产品的国际竞争力,并提出相应的结论与政策建议。     

入世后吉林省主要农产品发展潜力及市场前景分析

我国加入WTO后,吉林省农产品虽然将受到严重影响和冲击,但仍然存在着发展潜力和开阔的市场前景。     

生产销售伪劣产品罪若干问题探讨

生产销售伪劣产品罪的犯罪对象,包括一般和特定的伪劣产品,但不包括铜矿和建筑工程。生产销售伪劣产品和特定伪劣商品结果犯中的单纯生产行为不能独立成罪,多环节的销售行为均构成犯罪,但购买行为应当按不同情况分别处理。伪劣医用器材明知而购买并有偿地使用于他人,造成严重危害的,以销售不合标准的医用器材罪定罪处罚是合理的。     

知识产权产品的出租权研究

著作权中知识产权产品的出租权客体是作品,而非载体。购买一件有著作权的知识产权产品,这一“购买”民事法律行为中其实包涵一个“租”和一个“买”两重民事法律行为。著作权人出租权的享有并非“权利穷竭”理论的例外。专利权中对专利产品也应有出租权,但应根据专利的价值与专利产品成本价值的比例来确定是否享有出租权。知识产权产品的出租权的实现主要有四种具体的实践模式:一次性卖绝版权模式、登记许可模式、两种版权模式和商业出租中心模式。     

中俄野生动物资源刑事法律责任制度比较

野生动物资源犯罪是资源类犯罪中为数较多的组成部分,其危害性日益彰显。为对有力打击此类犯罪提供较为完备的法律保障,完善野生动物资源刑事法律责任制度成为严厉打击此类犯罪行为,有效保护野生动物资源所必须。我国制定关于野生动物保护的法律、法规起步较晚,基础较差。通过对中俄野生动物资源刑事责任法律制度的比较,并借鉴俄罗斯联邦刑法典中对野生动物资源犯罪的规定之优点,完善中国刑法对此类犯罪刑事责任制度的相关规定,应增设有关罪名,对现有罪名罪状进行补充修改,完善加重责任条款。     

Housing Upkeep and Public Good Provision in Residential Neighborhoods

Neighborhood condition is a public good in part provided by neighborhood residents’ private property maintenance. Considering neighborhood condition as an impure public good provides a theoretical basis for understanding how the level of neighborhood quality may affect residents’ home maintenance decisions. Empirical results in a low-income neighborhood, where formulating public policy to improve neighborhoods is of significant concern, indicate a positive substitution effect. When neighborhoods improve, residents respond by increasing exterior home upkeep. This result is robust to both changes in the neighborhood condition generated by other neighbors’ increase in maintenance and exogenous public investment in the neighborhood.     

Understanding parrot trafficking between illicit markets in Bolivia: an application of the CRAVED model

The CRAVED model has been used to understand theft variation in a whole host of hot products, including wildlife. Past research, however, has only applied the model at either the theft or illicit market stage to understand why particular products are stolen in high numbers. The CRAVED model has yet to be applied to the trafficking stage of hot products smuggled between illicit markets and, therefore, its applicability at this particular stage remains unknown. Using secondary data from the Los Pozos wildlife market in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, this study applies the CRAVED model to explain why parrot species are trafficked between illicit markets in Bolivia. This research finds that species that are more “available” and less “valuable” are more likely to be trafficked between illicit markets, suggesting that variation at the trafficking stage of the parrot trade can be explained by nearly the same CRAVED concepts as they do at the poaching stage. This study also finds that one-quarter of parrots in the Los Pozos market are trafficked to other cities, of which 99% are to the city of Cochabamba. These findings suggest that shutting down illicit markets and patrolling major roadways between cities can substantially reduce the illegal parrot trade.