双歧杆菌对动物肠道细菌和内毒素移位的影响

将 30只豚鼠按随机数字表法分为感染对照组 (A)、感染治疗组 (B)和健康对照组 (C)。B组感染后灌饲双歧杆菌悬液 (CFU为 5× 10 12 /L) 1.5mL ,2次 /d。观察细菌或内毒素移位、肠黏膜菌群和肠黏膜损伤情况。结果显示 :①感染后第 3d ,A、B组细菌移位率分别为 39%和 15 % (P=0 .0 0 4 0 ) ,第 5d时分别为 31%和 7% (P =0 .0 0 2 0 ) ;感染后第 1d ,A组内毒素水平显著高于B组。②A组回盲部黏膜菌群中双歧杆菌量仅为C组的 1/ 10～ 1/ 6 0 ,B组双歧杆菌量明显增多 ;A组大肠埃希氏菌量在第 1～ 3d时增加约 2 0～ 30倍 ,但第 3d后B组大肠埃希氏菌量显著减少并接近正常水平。③回肠黏膜损伤以第 1～ 3d最为明显 ,A组感染后第 5d损伤评分仍明显高于C组(P <0 .0 5 ) ;B组第 3d时已明显修复 ,第 5d时已与C组无明显差异。提示 :补充外源性双歧杆菌能促进感染后受损肠黏膜屏障和生物屏障修复 ,有效防治肠道细菌或内毒素移位。     

民族文化旅游产品开发探析

旅游产品整体上具有文化性 ,旅游产品的生产过程是一种经济运作过程 ,同时也是一种文化创造过程。从这一意义上讲 ,所有的旅游活动都可视为文化旅游。民族文化以历史文化或地域文化的形式 ,可以渗透到所有旅游产品的开发过程中 ,与其它旅游资源要素组合 ,深化和影响各类旅游产品的内涵和功能     

Significance of Family Risk Factors in Development of Childhood Animal Cruelty in Adolescent Boys with Conduct Problems

The literature suggests that physical child abuse, sexual child abuse, paternal alcoholism, paternal unavailability, and domestic violence may be significant in development of childhood animal cruelty. Two groups of early- to late adolescent boys (CTA and N-CTA) in residential treatment for conduct disorder were compared in the current study on histories of these family risk factors. The adolescents in Group 1 were comprised of boys who had conduct problems with documented histories of animal cruelty (n = 50; CTA). Group 2 consisted of adolescent boys (n = 50; N-CTA) with conduct problems, but without documented histories of animal cruelty. Results showed that children in the CTA group had significantly greater histories of physical and/or sexual child abuse and domestic violence in comparison to children in the N-CTA group. These results suggest that physical and/or sexual abuse to a child, and exposure to domestic violence, may be significant in the development of childhood animal cruelty.     

上海市私车牌照拍卖的行政法学思考

上海市私车牌照拍卖自1986年至今,就一直没有看到市政府有关部门对此行为的合法性作出令人信服的说明。《行政许可法》和《道路交通安全法》的颁布实施,使得人们再次对这一做法投以关注的目光。     

中英美公安产品供给模式比较探析

本文通过对我国、英国及美国公安产品供给模式的比较,分析其相关与相异之处。并借鉴国外长处,探索我国公安产品供给模式演进的可能性与可行性。     

动物法律地位确置论

动物应当受到保护,人应当给予动物应有的生存条件.然而,人类中心主义的价值观必然是不可超越的,同时,绝对的人类中心主义已经不能适应社会的发展,相对的人类中心主义成为时代的主旋律.动物主体论脱离现实的论调理应受到我们的批判,结合我国国情,以物权法和侵权责任法为基础,动物应当被认定为客体,是人所管领的财产.     

浅析WTO视角下的数码产品零关税政策

2012年5月,以美国为首的76个国家和地区决定启动世界贸易组织信息技术协议的修订谈判,谈判各方决定扩大零关税的数码产品目录范围。必须从各个主体的角度分析零关税的利弊,分析中国数码产品市场和数码产品生产商害怕零关税扩大实施的真正原因,并提出一系列建议来应对数码产品零关税的大范围入侵,努力促进我国转变成为零关税政策的受益者。     

Do donors cooperatively fund foreign aid?

Donor’s demand equations for alternative forms of aid are derived for three allocation processes: noncooperative Nash-Cournot, cooperative Lindahl, and bureaucratic. Based on OECD data for official development assistance for 1970–2001, we apply non-nested tests to distinguish between Nash-Cournot and Lindahl reduced-form equations for 15 major donor nations. Noncooperative Nash-Cournot behavior characterizes many donors, with a few abiding by bureaucratic behavior and none by Lindahl behavior. Joint products are present for multilateral and bilateral giving. Despite the common-pool nature of giving to multilateral organizations, countries derive donor-specific benefits and often view others’ donations as complementary to their own gifts.      

An Uncommon Accident and Unusual Cause of Death—A Fatal Domestic Ram Attack

Domestic animal attacks are not common; their fatal attacks are even rarer. Herein, a case of a 78‐year‐old woman attacked by a ram is presented. She sustained multiple head and chest injuries. The autopsy findings and the inspection of the scene revealed that the fatal aortic injury had been caused by direct force from the front, which subsequently caused a powerful anteroposterior chest compression, resulting in an incomplete tear by flexion and compression of the aortic arch. The aortic dissection propagated in both an ante‐ and retrograde direction, with intact adventitia. However, due to a rise in pressure in the formed false lumen, dissection propagated downward to the base of the heart, and further into the subepicardial adipose tissue, forming a subepicardial hematoma. This hematoma gradually compressed the proximal sections of the coronary arteries, impairing their filling, and producing a myocardial ischemia. In addition, circulation had probably been already disturbed by the right‐sided pneumothorax, as well as a possible pneumomediastinum.     

化妆品保质期限的法理分析

目前化妆品越来越成为一种生活必需品,由于化妆品质量导致侵权的案件也呈上升趋势,其中,化妆品外包装标注的保质期是否为开封后的保质期,即化妆品开封后的保质期限是否属于消费者的知情权范围成为消费者和商家争论的一个焦点.尽管我国法律明确规定消费者享有知情权,但对知情权的范围规定得比较笼统,导致实践中知情权不当扩大,从而威胁生产经营者利益的情况.针对这一现状,司法审判中有必要根据不同类别的消费对象对消费者知情权的范围作出界定.这样不仅有利于消费者知情权的实现,也有利于保护生产经营者的合法权利.