Victim resistance and offender weapon effects in robbery

What happens when victims resist robbers? Logistic regression analysis of over 4500 sample robbery incidents reported in the 1979–1985 National Crime Surveys reveals the following about various forms of victim resistance. Self-protection (SP) of any kind apparently reduces the probability of the robbery being completed, i.e., the robber getting away with the victim's property. Armed resistance is more effective than unarmed resistance, and resistance with a gun, though relatively rare, is the most effective victim response of all. Resistance with a gun also appears to reduce the likelihood of the victim being injured, while two types of resistance appear to increase it: (1) unarmed physical force against the robber and (2) trying to get help, attract attention, or scare the robber away. The robber's possession of a gun appears to inhibit victim resistance, which can sometimes provoke a robber to attack; robber gun possession thereby reduces the probability of victim injury. However, even controlling for victim resistance, robber gun possession, is associated with a lower rate of injury to the victim. Finally, robbers with handguns are much more likely to complete their robberies, and those with knives and other weapons are somewhat more likely to do so, compared to unarmed robbers.     

Subalterns and the State in the Longue Durée: Notes from “The Rebellious Century” in the Bhil Heartland

Abstract

Focusing on recent debates over the ways in which subaltern groups engage with the state in India, the article proposes that it is imperative to historicise our conceptions of subaltern politics in India. More specifically, the argument is made that it is imperative to recognise that subaltern appropriations of the institutions and discourses of the state have a longer historical lineage than what is often proposed in critical work on popular resistance in rural India. The article presents a detailed analysis of Adivasi rebellions in colonial western India and argues that these took the form of a contentious negotiation of the incorporation of tribal communities into an emergent “colonial state space.” The conclusion presents a sketch of a Gramscian approach to the study of how subaltern politics proceeds in and through determinate state–society relations.     

Just war and the Lebanese resistance to Israel

The literature on Lebanese resistance to Israel is overwhelmed with work on Hezbollah, the role of religion, and its connection to Iranian influence. However, few of these studies have looked at the totality of Lebanese resistance, from its secular origins to its Islamic monopoly. Moreover, no work to date has looked at Lebanese resistance through the prism of just war theory. This article aims at addressing this gap by applying the criteria introduced by Childress regarding the justness of war. Moreover, the article examines resistance as a practice of non-state actors and its terrorist label, and at the same time, evaluates Israel’s military response to Lebanese resistance through the prism of state terrorism.     

Modernist art in the service of Nazi culture: Baldur von Schirach and the Junge Kunst im Deutschen Reich exhibition

ABSTRACT

Maertz's essay offers a history of a modernist art exhibition that opened in Vienna's Künstlerhaus under the patronage of Baldur von Schirach, the Führer's personal representative in that city, the second largest in Nazi Germany. The significance of the 1943 Junge Kunst im Deutschen Reich (New Art in the German Reich) exhibition lies in its assertion of a modernist variant of ‘official’ National Socialist art that clashes with the orthodox aesthetic system typically associated with the Third Reich.     

Reading Václav Havel in the Age of Trump

This paper explores the explicit self-deprecation in Vaclav Havel’s writings in order to outline a unique contribution to thinking about resistance contained in Havel’s oeuvre. What Havel offers is a timely critique of messianic political gestures. I will focus on how Havel’s self-deprecation offers a subtle but significant critique of western politics which also contains the kernal of a virtue ethics of sorts, instead of a blueprint for radical action. I will also explain the important and related critique of messianic politics entailed in Havel’s thought and outline the significance of this critique for the current political climate.     

试论罪犯的“自欺“心理对犯罪改造的影响及对策

从心理学角度而言 ,在遭遇外界刺激时 ,人们或多或少都会产生心理上的阻抗力 ,即形成自我防御机制。文章认为 ,罪犯“自欺”心理的产生虽然也是心理防御机制之一 ,但对刑法的震摄功能起到了消解的反作用 ,因此有必要加以认识和克服     

电针结合饮食和运动疗法治疗胃肠实热型单纯性肥胖症临床研究

目的 观察电针结合饮食和运动疗法对胃肠实热型单纯性肥胖症的临床疗效,并探索其作用机制.方法 采用随机对照的方法,分别设立针灸饮食运动组(治疗组)35例和饮食运动组(对照组)37例.观察两组临床疗效、主要症状疗效,治疗前后观察两组体质量、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围的变化,检测治疗组治疗前后及健康对照者的空腹血糖(fasting blood sugar,FBS)、餐后2 h血糖(postprandial two lours plasma glucose,2hPG)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS)和餐后2 h空腹胰岛素(postprandial two bours fasting insulin,2hFlNS)水平.结果 治疗组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),多食易饥、畏热多汗、口千舌燥和大便秘结的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05,或P<0.01);治疗组体质量、BMI及腰围下降值显著高于对照纽(P<0.01);治疗组FINS及2hFINS水平较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01).结论 电针结合饮食运动疗法治疗胃肠实热型单纯性肥胖症疗效显著,并可同时改善其胰岛素抵抗状况.     

Citizen's adoption intention toward contact tracing apps: An analysis using innovation resistance theory

This study explores the factors that prevent citizens from using contact tracing apps (CTA). It uses the innovation resistance theory to construct a parsimonious data analysis model. Data are collected from 440 users of CTA, and an analysis using structural equation modeling is done. Moderation analysis is performed to measure the influence of trust on the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results reveal that privacy concerns, functional complexity, and benefit ambiguity are the main factors causing hindrance in the adoption of CTAs. The study carries implications for public authorities and technology professionals for promoting and increasing the uptake of public-oriented mass-consumption technology.     

银杏叶提取物对老年糖耐量减退高胰岛素血症及血糖代谢的影响

目的：研究银杏叶提取物对老年糖耐量减退（ＩＧＴ）血中胰岛素及血糖代谢的影响，探讨银可叶提取物对胰岛素抵抗的改善作用及机制。方法：应用银杏叶提取物－－金钠多静脉滴注２８ｄ，每日１次，治疗前后分别检测血胆固醇（ＴＣ）、三酰甘油（ＴＧ）、极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）及７５ｇ葡萄糖耐量试验（ＯＧＴＴ）各点的血糖及胰岛素水平均明显下降，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５），ＴＧ及ＶＬＤＬ亦明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０５），多元逐