日本女性史研究概况

随着西方社会性别论尤其是约翰.斯科特(Joan Scott)"历史与社会性别"概念的传入和影响,日本女性史研究有了很大的发展,成为这时期学界最令人注目的领域之一。其研究成果构建了"性.身体.生殖论""、近代以前家族史"、"近代家族论"等研究领域。这些研究几乎都是在社会性别维度和视角下展开的。     

辩诉交易的历史溯源及现实分析

普通法的刑事司法经历了司法不鼓励自白、辩诉交易在实践中广泛开展并最终获得合法性地位的历史过程.当事人主义模糊了民事诉讼与刑事诉讼的界限,辩诉交易的盛行与对抗制诉讼的低效率、不可预测性等因素密切相关.美国的辩诉交易因其导致司法腐败而备受争议.在我国,由于并不存在实行这一制度的内在机制和压力,辩诉交易应当缓行.     

‘Two children to make ends meet’: the ideal family size,parental responsibilities and costs of children on two sides of the Iron Curtain during the post-war fertility decline

One of the major corollaries of the post-war fertility boom and decline is that two-child families became common across Europe after the 1970s. Despite the general agreement on the convergence of fertility trends, there is still little understanding of how this change took place in a comparative perspective of Western and Eastern Europe, which at that time were characterised by Cold War tensions of different ideological regimes. This study addresses this aspect by focusing on individual decisions around childbearing, child-rearing and family size. Based on 104 oral histories from Switzerland and Ukraine, this study illuminates that the urban setting provided parents with a similar set of constraints and opportunities, which eventually resulted in strikingly similar perceptions of the costs of childrearing on two sides of the Iron Curtain. Individuals’ motives to postpone first birth in Switzerland and second birth in Ukraine rested on a similar aspiration to invest in the well-being of children by ensuring material security for the family. This aim was increasingly achieved through female labour-force participation and adoption of modern contraception – the pill in Switzerland and abortion in Ukraine. While the timing of returning to the labour market and the share of women working after entering parenthood might have varied across the two contexts, a good mother became increasingly defined in both contexts in terms of providing emotionally and financially for her children. Although the introduction of modern birth control methods allowed couples to plan family size more carefully, it also made Swiss and Ukrainian women increasingly carry the major costs and actual burden of birth control. Altogether, this study challenges the common assumption around the persistence of strikingly different demographic realities in post-war Western and Eastern Europe by uncovering the mechanisms behind the stabilisation of family size around the two-child family ideal.     

比较文学视阈下的中国俄罗斯文学研究（1978-2017）

自俄罗斯文学进入我国学者的视野起,比较文学即被应用于其研究当中。特别是20世纪90年代以来,比较文学更是以其跨文化性和开放性的特点为我国的俄罗斯文学研究带来了较为丰硕的成果。但是,相较于比较文学在其他国别文学研究中的应用,我国学者在中俄文学关系、俄罗斯文学的中国形象建构研究等问题的研究中,存在着研究思路与话语陈旧、方法运用生硬刻板、中国学者的主体性意识与民族立场弱化、具有国际影响力的高质量成果欠缺等一系列问题。此外,我国学者编撰的俄罗斯文学史著作也折射出其在世界文学眼光与比较文学意识方面存在的欠缺。     

邓小平与中共历史学研究综述

邓小平与中共历史学的关系,学术界已表现出越来越多的关注。20世纪90年代以来,一批研究成果陆续发表,在若干重要问题上取得进展。邓小平拓展了中共历史研究的领域和视野。邓小平的人物评价方法是中共历史研究方法在评价人物时的具体运用。     

社会主义初级阶段的历史定位

资本主义生产力的发展、生产社会化的扩大要求社会主义 ,资本主义生产力发展受到阻碍、生产社会化不能进展也要求社会主义。社会主义初级阶段是落后国家发展社会生产力的必然要求。社会主义初级阶段的理论和实践进一步丰富了马克思主义的历史发展图式     

走向人类社会深处的警察文化

警察文化是警察队伍建设的重要构成部分。它必须突破单一的阶级性,使警察文化的社会性彰显出来。通过国家观探寻警察文化阶级性与警察文化人类社会性之间的张力关系,并从历史观来确立审理警察文化的形上视角,明确走向人类社会深处是警察文化建设的方向选择,而警察主体精神世界的建构则是警察文化建设的突破口。这既是历史观决定的结果,也是文化本性的内在要求,还是社会治安治理的社会本性使然。     

CHILD PROTECTION MEDIATION: A 25-YEAR PERSPECTIVE

This article reviews the creation, development, and growth of child protection mediation (CPM) in the United States. Starting with a few pilot projects in the 1970s, CPM has grown throughout the country. The article traces child protection's development through the publication of the Resource Guidelines and Model Courts and then discusses what the necessary ingredients for a mediation program are. Mediation is then discussed from a judicial perspective. Barriers to mediation are listed, followed by a discussion of special issues that arise when developing and maintaining CPM programs. The article concludes with the observation that CPM is now recognized as a best practice by most judges and court improvement professionals and that it continues to grow.     

Towards the Vernacular,Away from Politics? Political History after the ‘New Political History’

This article considers how modern British political history has changed since the ‘new political history’ of the 1990s. It focusses on the ‘vernacular’ histories which have emerged in the last decade or so. The vernacular ‘turn’ is frequently framed by its proponents in opposition to the new political history, with its focus on the rhetoric of politicians and subsequent tendency to reproduce the perspectives of political elites. This article, however, identifies continuities between these approaches, noting their shared interest in advancing a more complex understanding of the relationship between politics and people in the past. It argues that the real challenge posed by the vernacular lies in the necessary reckoning with the ‘apartness’ of politics from the perspective of ordinary people. Yet here too, this piece suggests, the vernacular turn can be seen as the latest stage in a continual rethinking of the relationship between political, social and cultural history.