Issue Ownership,Issue Positions,and Candidate Assessment

I argue that citizens alter their views of candidates’ ideological and issue positions in response to two kinds of information cues: issue ownership and issue position cues. Issue ownership cues associate a candidate with the party that owns the issue discussed by a candidate. Issue position cues associate a candidate with the party that is linked to the position that the candidate discusses. These cues can either lead citizens to view the candidate as more or less extreme—both in terms of ideological and issue position assessments—than that candidate’s party. When both types of cues are present, citizens should ignore the issue ownership cues in favor of the easier-to-process issue position cues. Evidence from a survey experiment embedded in the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study provides strong support for this theory and suggests that issue ownership can convey positional information.     

数据安全刑法保护扩张的合理边界

《数据安全法(草案)》的发布是数据安全作为独立法益的立法宣示,基于数据安全对个体利益、公共安全和国家安全的重要价值,刑法有必要将其纳入保护范围。现行刑法对数据安全的保护是通过制裁信息犯罪间接实现的,由于刑法视阈下的信息和数据存在着本质性差异,未来刑法必然要建立新的数据犯罪罪名体系,实现数据安全领域刑法保护的大规模扩张。为了避免刑法扩张演化成违背谦抑性的公权力滥用,必须进行"合边界性审视",确保其不会突破刑法自身的边界。由于数据安全法益自身无法通过"法益原则"实现刑法边界划定功能,有必要引入"广义危害性原则",在数据安全领域的刑法保护扩张之前,划定扩张的合理边界。     

The German Federal Election of 2017: How the Wedge Issue of Refugees and Migration Took the Shine off Chancellor Merkel and Transformed the Party System

The 2017 German federal election delivered dramatic electoral decline of the two traditional main parties, the Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who had governed Germany in a ‘grand coalition’ government since 2013. The main reason for this outcome was the decision by Chancellor Angela Merkel to open Germany's borders for refugees and migrants, an unprecedented policy that abandoned border controls and remained in place between September 2015 and March 2016. This article focuses on how the refugee and migration problem subsequently turned into a wedge issue, splitting most German political parties and handing a major election victory to the main critics of Merkel's decision, namely the rightist Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the right‐wing liberals of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Rather than explaining these developments in isolation, the article highlights how past welfare state retrenchment and fear over future economic prosperity make significant groups of the electorate, including former supporters of left‐of‐centre parties, lose confidence in the ability of the political system to deliver stability and social integration.     

In the eye of the beholder: voters’ perceptions of party policy shifts

It is normatively desirable that parties’ policy positions match the views of their supporters, as citizens in Western democracies are primarily represented by and through parties. Existing research suggests that parties shift their policy positions, but as of today, there is only weak and inconsistent empirical evidence that voters actually perceive these shifts. Using individual-level panel data from Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands, this article tests the proposition that voters perceive parties’ policy shifts only on salient issues while remaining oblivious to parties’ changing positions on issues that they do not consider important. The results demonstrate that issue saliency plays a fundamental role in explaining voters’ perceptions of parties’ policy shifts: according to this logic, democratic discourse between the elites and the electorate appears to take place at the level of policy issues that voters care about.     

How party‒issue linkages vary between election manifestos and media debates

Abstract

Existing research on party behaviour has largely focused on the drivers of issue salience in direct party communication. However, less is known about party?issue linkages in election campaigns covered by the mass media, from which most voters get their information about party positions. Against this background, this article explores how two important drivers of issue salience in direct party communication – issue ownership and systemic salience – play out in the media. Based on considerations about the news value of specific party?issue associations, one would expect both relationships to be particularly important in the media. Despite substantial similarities in party?issue linkages across platforms, a comparison of manifestos and newspaper content reveals evidence for this claim. In particular, smaller parties are hardly covered in the news on issues they do not own, while large parties are especially covered on salient topics. These findings contribute to our understanding of issue competition in mediated environments.     

试论网络虚拟财产的法律保护

随着有关网络虚拟财产的纠纷不断增多,网络虚拟财产保护已经引起人们的广泛关注,而我国就虚拟财产的保护却面临法律难题.为此,笔者建议应尽快完善和出台有效的法律,维护网络世界的安全.     

民族问题的核心是国家认同问题

民族问题的核心是国家认同问题.多民族国家解决民族问题的核心任务是将国民对各自民族的忠诚转变为对国家的忠诚,在尊重多元的民族认同基础上建构国家认同.国家认同建没包括政治认同建设和文化认同建设.其中,文化认同建设是根本,稳固的文化认同可以消解政治认同危机时国家认同危机的程度."民族问题的核心是国家认同问题"的观点,要求我们解决民族问题的基本原则和制度安排必须及时同应国家一体化建构与民族文化多元发展的互动态势.     

中印边界问题研究综述

中印边界问题是中印关系发展中所面临的主要问题,由此而引发的1962年的中印边界战争,更是在国际冷战史上占有突出地位的重大事件之一,对当时和以后许多国家关系的演变产生了重要影响。这一问题现在引起了国内外学者越来越多的关注,围绕这一问题出现了大量研究成果。     

农垦企业职工队伍现实问题的理论思考

改革开放以来,农垦企业职工队伍发生重大变化,其社会地位、队伍构成、劳动者权益、社会保障等出现了新的情况,既有转型期作为农垦产业大军的排头兵作用,也客观存在着属于弱势群体特性,探讨和研究农垦企业职工队伍的现实问题,是当前化解社会矛盾,构建农垦和谐社会值得重视的新课题。     

被忽略的债券制度史①——中国（公司）债券市场的法律瓶颈②

中国债券市场的制度建设长期未能得到足够重视,公司债券市场的发展也存在较多问题。例如,发行市场规模偏小、交投不活跃、交易所市场发展缓慢等。这些问题,或多或少都与债券市场的规范瓶颈有关。例如,债券发行过分偏向某些特殊企业、债券市场监管权的不当分割、发行与上市的不当管制、交易性保护机制欠缺、救济性保护措施不完善,等等。解决债券市场的法律瓶颈,将使中国公司债市场迎来爆发式增长。