司法审判的法哲学分析

司法判决是制度、事实、个人活动的合因之果,判决形成的思维工具包括法律解释和法律推理;判决以确定性为特征,而法官形成判决过程中的判断却具有综合性。     

直言命题换位推理的欧拉图析

直言命题换位推理应当同时满足的三个条件实际上是对此变形推理所涉及的词项关系的制约,欧拉图可以很直观地反映这一点。在直言命题换位推理三种有效形式之外的SOP换位问题,长久以来一直是传统逻辑的禁区,但运用欧拉图解析可以发现,在赋予若干条件后SOP能换位为POS。     

侦查活动中回溯推理的结构分析

回溯推理是一种在侦查活动中被广泛运用的或然性推理。学界对有关回溯推理的定义有四种不同观点,可以通过四种观点的比较得出较为合理的定义和结构,在此基础上,对回溯推理的结构进行分析,对侦查活动具有十分重要的指导意义。     

推定研究中的认识误区

当前有关推定的研究存在三个误区:在基础观念层面,将推定混同于个案性的事实推定或法律拟制;在效果界定层面,无视推定类型的多元性,而对其效果做单一的甚至错误的界定;在价值评价层面,对刑事推定的适用持毫无保留的肯定态度,轻率地认定刑事推定与无罪推定原则之间并无冲突.文章认为,推定与推理在约束力的来源与是否具有普遍的强制性上存在本质区别;不应以单一的标准抽象地区分推定与拟制;推定的法律效果具有多样性,界定其效果须考虑五个因素;刑事推定在威胁无罪推定所代表的基本内容与价值的同时,又侵犯到被告人的权利,还可能涉及立法权的实质合理性问题.     

船舶遭遇到八级以上风并因此导致事故发生的认定

从"南京强泉运输贸易有限公司诉太平财产保险有限公司福建分公司"案入手,对八级风问题的由来、认定方法、与事故是否存在因果关系逐一梳理,在此基础上,总结概括出目前认定船舶是否遭遇到八级以上风并因此导致事故发生时应当选择的思路和方法。     

"关联理论"视角下的翻译质量评估

关联理论的焦点是认知与交际,认为翻译是一种依据不同的文本语境追求译文最大趋同度的动态推理过程,并以此追求译文的灵活调变和辩证取舍,以及译语语篇与源语语篇之间、交际与意义之间最大程度的趋同。关联理论强调原交际者的目的和受体的期待在认知环境相关的方面与原文相似。关联理论是译文质量评价的理论根据,因为译文的最大关联就是追求译文优劣的趋同原则。     

Process Tracing in Public Administration: The Implications of Practitioner Insights for Methods of Inquiry

The field of public administration is often seen as a late adopter of cutting-edge research methods. Related disciplines like political science use more advanced research methods for single or small-n case studies including techniques like process tracing. Many elements of process tracing are analogous to investigations. To inform process tracing practices, political scientists looked at Sherlock Holmes novels. We draw on the experiences of a police inspector and a former soldier who worked with intelligence to offer insights on the implementation of process tracing, bridge the academic–practitioner gap, and increase the methodological rigor in public administration research.     

What Is In a (Non‐) Significant Finding? Moving Beyond False Dichotomies

One of the most problematic aspect of p‐values is the tendency to dichotomize, whereby statistical significance is equated with scientifically worthwhile and insignificance with worthless findings. This article outlines two approaches that move beyond such dichotomies: minimum Bayes factors and the analysis of credibility. Their use is illustrated through a simple example. The examples show that significant findings may not always be as telling as statistical significance would suggest, whereas non‐significant findings may contain considerable evidence about effects.     

试论适用无过错责任原则的侵权案件中的证明责任分配

长期以来,适用无过错责任原则的侵权案件中的证明责任如何分配众说纷纭。但是,学界一直尚未有从证明责任基本理论角度专门探讨该问题的文章。笔者试从基本理论出发探讨了适用无过错责任原则的侵权案件中的证明责任的分配原则,据此对我国相关立法规定提出了质疑和合理化建议,深入探求了因果关系推定时的证明责任归属,主张高度危险作业致人损害的侵权诉讼以及饲养动物致人损害的侵权诉讼中对因果关系不存在的证明责任应当由加害人承担。     

Developmental explanations of delinquent behavior among siblings: Common factor vs. transmission mechanisms

We compare the statistical fit of two developmental explanations of delinquent behavior using longitudinal sibling data. The transmission effects model relates future delinquency to prior delinquency, delayed sibling effects, and unique environment. The common-factor effects model adds to these influences a latent variable representing persistent causes shared by siblings. These two models were fit to longitudinal data on 470 sibling pairs interviewed on three occasions. The common-factor effects model fit the data more closely than the transmission model. Nonmutually exclusive interpretations of the common effects model include (a) personality dispositions and (b) unchanging aspects of the social environment such as concurrent sibling effects and siblings' common friends.