成都地区汉族人群D2S441位点的遗传多态性研究

为研究 STR位点 D2S441的遗传多态性,为法医学应用提供基础数据,应用 PCR及 PAG电泳技术对 260名成都地区汉族无关个体进行了调查,共检出 9个等位基因及 26种基因型,首次获得汉族群体频率分布 ,其等位基因片段大小范围为 131～ 155bp。该位点基因型频率分布符合 Hardy－ Weinberg平衡。家系调查证实了等位基因的传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。其个人识别能力（ Dp）、杂合度（ H）、多态性信息含量（ PIC）和非父排除率（ PE）分别为 0.9084、 0.7885、 0.7390和 0.5778,表明该位点在法医学个人识别及亲子鉴定中具有较高的实用价值。     

中国北方汉族人群HLA-DQα基因型及其等位基因频率的分布

应用PCR和等位基因特异性寡该苷酸（ASO）探针杂交技术对中国北方汉族人群的HLA－DQα基因进行分型。在246例无关个体中观察到4种等位基因组成的10种基因型。等位基因频率分布在10．0～31．9％之间。基因型的分布符合Hardy－Weinberg定律。DP值为0．8669。对6个家系49个个体的调查表明，HLA－DQα基因按孟德尔方式遗传。不同人群HLA－DQα的DP值比较，中国人群高于其它人群。     

企业实施绿色供应链管理的社会环境探讨

市场竞争的加剧导致了资源枯竭、环境恶化，人们越来越关注可持续发展，绿色供应链管理成为提高资源利用水平、环境保护的有效手段。该文从政府绿色政策、市场绿色环境、企业绿色文化、社会绿色服务体系等多方面分析了企业实施绿色供应链管理所需要的社会环境，并提出相关建议。     

特许连锁经营法律关系初探

特许连锁经营是以特许经营权的转让为核心的一种经营方式。文章重在分析和研究特许连锁经营法律关系的性质,以及作为这一法律关系客体的特许经营权的法律属性。     

Performance Testing of a Semi-Automatic Card Punch System,Using Direct STR Profiling of DNA from Blood Samples on FTA™ Cards

The 1.2 mm Electric Coring Tool (e-Core™) was developed to increase the throughput of FTA^™ sample collection cards used during forensic workflows and is similar to a 1.2 mm Harris manual micro-punch for sampling dried blood spots. Direct short tandem repeat (STR) DNA profiling was used to compare samples taken by the e-Core tool with those taken by the manual micro-punch. The performance of the e-Core device was evaluated using a commercially available PowerPlex™ 18D STR System. In addition, an analysis was performed that investigated the potential carryover of DNA via the e-Core punch from one FTA disc to another. This contamination study was carried out using Applied Biosystems AmpflSTR™ Identifiler™ Direct PCR Amplification kits. The e-Core instrument does not contaminate FTA discs when a cleaning punch is used following excision of discs containing samples and generates STR profiles that are comparable to those generated by the manual micro-punch.     

Medium‐Chain Acyl‐CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Adulthood: A Potential Diagnosis in a Patient with Mental Status Changes Suspected of Drug Toxicity

Medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is a rare but important component of the differential diagnosis for adults with a history of premortem mental status changes and the postmortem finding of hepatic steatosis. This case report describes a 30‐year‐old white man who, following a period of nausea and vomiting, was admitted to the hospital with sudden mental status deterioration followed rapidly by clinical deterioration and death. Treating physicians in this case suspected acute illicit drug toxicity with synthetic cathinones based on social history. Clinicians and medical examiners should be aware that the presentation, signs, and symptoms described may indicate an underlying inborn error of metabolism such as MCAD deficiency and take action accordingly.     

基于全球价值链视角的中国制造业国家价值链的构建

中国制造业经过30多年的对外开放已经全面融人全球价值链体系,这种融入主要是通过中国出口产品的国际市场份额、RCA指数以及产业内贸易IIT指数等三个指标来反映,但在全球价值链分工中中国一直处于低位徘徊的地位,而要改变这种状况必须在全球价值链体系下构建中国制造业国家价值链。该文着重分析了影响中国制造业国家价值链构建的主要因素,包括来自发达国家的干涉和封锁、中国的政府行为及政府间利益冲突等,强调在中国制造业国家价值链重构过程中要积极发挥政府的作用,包括政府要切实降低本国制造企业构建国家价值链的制度成本、规范地方政府竞争行为的导向、促进加工贸易企业转型升级以及要加快培育中国的中等收入阶层等方面的思路和建议。     

Quantitative Analysis of the DNA Distribution on Cigarette Butt Filter Paper*

The distribution of DNA on the filter paper of smoked cigarette butts was quantitatively mapped using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The filter papers from smoked cigarette butts collected from indoor and outdoor sources were sliced into equal pieces and the amount of DNA on each slice was determined. This study found that the cigarette butt filter papers sliced parallel to the seam of the cigarette had more uniformly distributed DNA on the slices and in most cases, there was enough DNA on each slice to obtain a complete DNA profile. The perpendicular slices had a less uniform pattern of distribution and some slices did not have enough DNA to obtain an interpretable DNA profile. Cigarette butts found indoors also had more DNA per cigarette on average than cigarette butts found outdoors.     

硅藻硝酸消化法与浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法在溺死鉴定中的比较

目的比较和探讨硅藻硝酸消化法与浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法在溺死鉴定中的应用价值。方法收集40例温州医科大学法医学系2010—2011年受理并证实溺死的鉴定案件,每例案件标本包括肺、肾、肝及现场水样4份样本,分别运用硅藻硝酸消化法与浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法对标本进行检验,硅藻硝酸消化法和浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法所需各器官检材量分别为约20g和2g,现场水样分别为15mL和1.5mL,从所需检验时间以及检出率等方面进行比较分析。结果硅藻硝酸消化法检出硅藻主要为中心硅藻纲和羽纹硅藻纲,浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法可扩增出一条162 bp的条带。平均检验每例案件所需的检验时间,硅藻硝酸消化法为(95.30±2.78)min,少于浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法(325.33±14.18)min(P0.05)。两种方法对现场水样及肺样本的检出率均为100%,而对肝及肾样本的检出率,浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法均为80%,高于硅藻硝酸消化法40%和30%(P0.05)。结论在溺死的法医学鉴定中,应根据具体情况来挑选合适的实验室检验方法。与硅藻硝酸消化法相比,浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法具有检材用量少、信息量大、特异性高等特点,有一定的推广和实践价值。     

网络黑产链犯罪中帮助行为的刑法评价

网络黑产链犯罪中的帮助行为与传统共同犯罪中的帮助行为有较大的区别,具体表现在行为人的主观故意内容、帮助行为与正犯行为的关联程度及行为的作用效果等方面。然而,目前对网络黑产链犯罪中帮助行为人以共同犯罪论处存在理论障碍,如欠缺共同故意且正犯行为难以认定为犯罪等。司法实践将帮助行为正犯化确实具有现实需要。帮助行为正犯化的论域应当限定在正犯、共犯分离二元参与体系的形式正犯概念之下。在我国刑法分则对实行行为明确定型的立法体制下,司法机关超越解释权限将帮助行为扩张为实行行为的解释与罪刑法定原则有悖。帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的增设是网络帮助行为正犯化理论的典型立法实践,但成立该罪既不要求帮助行为人对被帮助者实施的具体犯罪内容有明确的认识,也不要求被帮助的犯罪行为在实体上或程序上被认定为犯罪。