对引入沉默权的若干否定性看法

沉默权制度是一把双刃剑,它对人权的保障、对刑讯逼供现象的缓解方面的意义都掩盖不了其固有缺陷,即与中国法律传统不协调、与刑罚理论存在内在冲突、对被害人权益的变相损害、对法律的正义导向有消极影响。因而,在我国应当暂缓采用明示的沉默权制度,鼓励犯罪嫌疑人和被告人如实陈述,而将沉默视为一种可接受的状态。     

Rethinking UK Parliamentary Adaptation in EU Affairs: Devolution and Europeanisation

How national parliaments adapt to the European Union is an important debate. However, scholars often overlook the regional aspect. This is particularly so for the UK where, despite devolution since 1999, scholarship remains largely devolution-blind. It is assumed that evaluating UK parliamentary adaptation only requires assessing the work of Westminster committees. This article takes a first step towards rectifying this oversight through reconceptualising UK–EU parliamentary engagement as multi-territory, not state-centric. This is demonstrated by comparing the social construction of practices in Scotland, Wales and at Westminster since 1999. Acknowledging devolution, however, does not just require comparing practices. Additionally, the paper asks how the ideas of devolution have been taken up by actors, potentially transforming the meaning of UK engagement for them. This necessitates new approaches drawn from interpretivist and constructivist institutionalist theories. Ultimately, therefore, the paper goes further than arguing for devolution-aware research to promoting change more generally in how parliamentary adaptation is theorised.     

Are there Emerging West African Criminal Networks? The Case of Ghana

This paper situates discussions about emerging African Criminal Networks (ACN) within Ghana specifically, and West Africa generally, and seeks to present the initial results of an empirically based study on the activities of transnational organised criminal (TOCs) groups in Ghana. The paper argues that the nature of state and statehood in Africa and its inability to establish effective regulatory mechanisms contributes to the rise of these particular types of criminal groups. It begins by conceptualising the place of Ghanaian and West African criminal groups within the framework of international crime. Furthermore, it undertakes an in-depth analysis of three types of crimes; namely computer and internet crime, drug trafficking and (artisanal) small arms manufacture and smuggling in Ghana. By applying a set of standard variables and criteria, the paper evaluates the growth of TNCs in these three issue-areas and how such activities potentially undermine public institutions like the Ghana Police Service (GPS), customs, excise and preventive services (CEPS), judiciary, banking and political parties and political institutions in Ghana. Finally, it seeks to offer an explanatory framework for the growth and acceptance by local communities of the activities of organised crime in Ghana by situating this within a cultural ethos and the social welfare roles played by those involved in such crimes.     

廉政制度建构中廉政文化培育的传统阻碍与现实路径

从新制度经济学对正式制度与非正式制度的区分来看,培育廉政文化是中国廉政制度建构及其运行的灵魂。中国传统政治文化伴生的"官本位"盛行,"以善抑恶"的崇善制度伦理,对贪腐的"恨妒"心态,"潜规则"陋习泛滥,形成了廉政文化培育的阻碍。必须坚持人民主体地位的理念,创新性地推进廉政文化培育。要积极稳妥地推进以干部选拔制度为突破的政治体制改革,以破除官本位的阻碍作用;要大力培育以科学理性为主导的融人文精神于一体的当代科学精神,推动人伦型文化向科学理性文化的转型;要重塑国家廉洁价值观,奠定服务型政党和服务型政府发展的文化基础;要将高质量的制度建构及其良性运行作为重点,提高廉政制度建设的科学化水平。     

Art et artisanat en Afrique Noire: Problèmes d'une définition différentielle

In 1977, John Lonsdale published a review of William R. Ochieng's study APre-Colonial History of the Gusii of Western Kenya in the Kenya Historical Review. Entitled “When did the Gusii (or any other group) become a ‘Tribe’?”, the ten-page article was less a book review and more a treatise on the practice of history in Africa. Taking Lonsdale's question as a point of inspiration, this article provides a critical rethinking of the theories of “tribe”, ethnicity and identity politics that continue to dominate African scholarship by examining the particular case of the Luyia in western Kenya. Through the seemingly incongruous and stubbornly diverse accounting of Luyia political community, this study suggests that histories of ethnic identity remain trapped by their own constructivist logic, elevating the “inventors” of traditional accounts at the expense of the plural and dissenting voices that characterise the multiple forms of political imagination practised across Africa that, while diverse, continue to rely on the idiom of the “tribe”.     

Sexuality,identity and dissidence: new scholarship on sub-Saharan Africa

In this review essay, I consider three recent monographs on sexuality and sexual cultures in Africa. Each of these three books grapple with the “problem orientation” of scholarship on African sexuality, in which sexuality is conceptualised primarily with reference to AIDS, homophobia and violence. The authors move beyond this problem orientation through a common concern investigating the poles of “modernity” vs “tradition”, “global” vs “local” and “authentic” vs “imported” as these concepts are deployed by activists, policymakers, and ordinary people talking about sex. All three authors also engage the question of how and why social changes happen, treating sexual identities and practices as dynamic, emergent phenomena.     

Introduction: Great Underappreciated Works Deserving of Renewed Attention

Although news is a social construction that narrates events in the world by assimilating them to existing cultural categories, there are many cultural categories from which to choose. How do journalists determine whether an event calls for a melodramatic frame or an ironic frame or some other narrative convention? Reviewing two recent studies—of news coverage of 9/11 and news coverage in the early 1990s of an accidental killing of a Japanese exchange student in New Orleans—this article argues that the character of “the events themselves” helps limit what narrative frames journalists select.     

论清官人格中的儒家伦理政治文化因素

中国古代清官大都具有公正廉明、勤政爱民的高尚人格,并能毕其一生持之以恒。清官人格的形成有着深厚的儒家伦理政治文化根基,哲学基础上的天人之辨、治国模式上的德治传统、权力来源上的民本思想和价值取向上的义利观共同构筑了中国古代清官人格塑造的理论渊源。深入理解传统文化因素在清官人格塑造中的作用对当前的官员品德培养及廉洁文化建设有着重要的现实意义。     

法制现代化与传统儒家政治哲学

在法制现代化驶进快车道的今天,对儒家政治哲学持什么样的立场,是不可回避的话题。传统儒家政治哲学有一定的糟粕,在很大程度上阻碍着法制现代化的进程,但其中也不乏理性和智慧,值得我们去挖掘和弘扬。     

首都小学生传统节日文化认识现状及对策

为了解首都小学生对传统节日文化的认知情况,北京青少年教育与发展研究中心从2007年4月至2008年6月底,对首都;5778名小学生进行了问卷抽样调查。对当前首都小学生关于传统节日文化认识方面存在的主要问题进行了分析,在此基础上进行了相应的对策研克在全社会范围内营建和创造传统节日文化教育的良好环境;以家庭和学校为重要阵地,科学普及传统节日文化知识;利用节日契机,强化节日知识;挖掘传统节日文化价值,突出节日主题,有重点地对小学生进行教育。