中国行政法治发展进程的回顾与前瞻

中国行政法治在 2 1世纪初既逢实施依法治国方略的重大机遇 ,又面临一系列新情况、新课题都亟待研究解决。 2 1世纪的中国行政法治将在一般论、主体论、行为论、救济论和部门论等方面获得更加积极而稳健的发展 ,呈现出民主化、科学化、法治化的复合演进轨迹 ,这一进程将与我国经济、政治、社会和思想文化以及其他法律领域产生强烈深刻持久的交互影响。     

我国民营经济发展历程及其作用

以民营经济内涵分析为起点，在对我国民营经济发展历程反思的基础上，探讨了我国民营经济发展在经济增长，新增就业机会，推动经济变革和现代化进程中的作用。     

政策转换为法律的正当程序研究

正当程序承载着正义、民主、自由、人权等价值,是民主与法治社会应当遵循的一项普遍法则。政策转换为法律作为民主与法治社会的一项制度,也应当遵循这一法则。同时,遵守正当程序可以保障政策转化为良法,可以保证政策转化为法律过程的正当性。遵循正当程序,就应该在政策转换为法律的过程中注重听取意见制度、公开与说明理由制度和避免偏私制度等。     

电子商务中间件技术的应用

电子商务是网络经济时代崭新的商务活动形式。由于网络应用的更新 ,促使电子商务向着多层次、跨平台的分布式体系不断迈进。中间件 (Middleware)技术一种基于标准、支持分布式应用、独立于计算机硬件及操作系统的开发和运行环境 ,将对电子商务的发展起到较大的推动作用。     

补充侦查制度新探

补充侦查作为一项侦查制度看似细小,却直接导致了一系列使制度被虚置、人权被侵犯的问题,这些问题的产生有着深刻的实际和理论背景。要改变这种状况,就必须在分析这些实际和理论背景的基础上对支撑补充侦查制度的理论进行探讨。只有建立正当法律程序在刑事侦查中的指导地位,并从理论和制度上进行重构,才能从根本上改变目前补充侦查存在的弊端。     

死刑的程序之维

死刑正当程序的必要性在于防止错杀与滥杀。死刑的正当程序既要满足普通司法规则,又是一种特殊、烦琐与代价高昂的程序。中国现行的死刑司法,未能充分满足普通司法规则,缺乏正当程序所应有的特殊性,且过于简化而代价低廉,因而不符合正当程序的要求。为了有效地防止错杀与滥杀,最大限度地减少死刑的适用,中国的死刑司法应该从正当程序的要求出发,尽快实现程序的正当化。     

FITTING THE FORUM TO THE FAMILY FUSS

This article analyzes advantages and disadvantages of mediation, collaborative law, and cooperative law based on the parties' capabilities, attitudes about professional services, and assessments of and preferences about the risks of various procedures. Each of these procedures has virtues and there is great value in providing clients and practitioners with a choice of procedures. Under collaborative and cooperative law, lawyers and clients agree to focus exclusively on negotiation from the outset the case, typically using a problem-solving process. Collaborative law involves a written "disqualification agreement" between all the parties and their lawyers under which lawyers are disqualified from representing parties in litigation if either party chooses to litigate. Cooperative law is similar but does not use the disqualification agreement. Because most communities do not have lawyers offering cooperative law, collaborative law groups should encourage at least some of their members to offer clients the option of cooperative law.     

STRICTLY LIABLE: GOVERNMENTAL USE OF THE PARENT–CHILD RELATIONSHIP AS A BASIS FOR HOLDING VICTIMS LIABLE FOR THEIR CHILD'S WITNESS TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Studies estimate that between three and ten million children in the United States witness domestic violence annually. Although studies have demonstrated a co‐occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse, there is no concrete evidence to support the assumption that a child's exposure to domestic violence increases the risk to the child of abuse or neglect. Recently the New York State Court of Appeals determined that a child's witness to abuse does not suffice, in and of itself, to show that removal of the child is necessary or that removal is in the “best interests” of the child. Programs which have developed alternatives to presumptive removal understand the importance of viewing the interests of the battered parent and children as being in accord with each other rather than in opposition. Private and government sponsored programs have demonstrated some success in protecting the parent‐child relationship, ensuring the safety of both parent and child, and increasing accountability of batterers while reducing the necessity for removals. Alternative programs are less costly to the state than foster care, and emotionally less costly to the families.     

破产程序中劳动债权的法律保障

破产企业职工劳动债权的保护问题，是破产法理论和司法实践中的重要问题之一，我国与企业市场退出相配套的社会保障机制尚未建立，破产企业职工生活尚缺乏足够的社会保障，为此研究职工劳动权益的保护问题有着重要的意义。本文以中国现代法制人道关怀、救助社会弱者为出发点，对政策性破产中劳动债权的破产优先权、一般企业破产中劳动债权的优先受偿权及劳动债权的参与权等问题作了初步探讨。     

The fair process effect and procedural criteria in the resolution of disputes between intimate same-sex friends

This series of studies extended procedural justice research to the informal domain of dispute resolution in intimate same-sex friendship. The first study identified the types of disputes that occur between friends and the concerns that friends have when choosing dispute resolution procedures. Seven dispute types and 11 procedural criteria were found relevant to dispute resolution in friendship. Study 2 assessed the importance of procedural criteria for resolving several dispute scenarios. As expected, ratings of criterion importance were affected by subject and disputant sex. Females rated four criteria as more important than did males, and one criterion was rated as more important in disputes involving a male and a female than in disputes involving two females. The importance of procedural criteria was also influenced by the type of dispute, but this effect was qualified by an interaction with the dispute version. It was suggested that the importance of procedural criteria is generally defined by the context of friendship and specifically defined by the dispute topic. In Study 3, the relations among subject sex, traditional fairness variables, and criterion-based measures of process control were examined. Consistent with studies in other domains, process control predicted procedural justice, and decision control predicted distributive justive. Moreover, the hypothesized fair process effect emerged as a function of speed, a criterion-based measure of process control.