改革年代侨乡社区的宗族组织与政治过程

改革年代的侨乡宗族组织得到了复兴和发展,但在现代国家政权建设的框架中已经丧失了其社会控制的功能,相反,个人、家庭、家族、村级地方基层政权以及各类自愿性社团组织等对村落社会的结构和权利进行了分割和重组。一方面,国家逐渐淡化行政监督权力,通过多元化的形式实施对村落社会的影响和控制;另一方面,社区中的个人、家庭和自愿性社团积极介入村落社会的政治实践过程。家庭组织在结构和功能上的新变化已经开始影响村落社会政治权利的分配过程,它演变成为了村民主张个人权利和义务的策略单位。     

报表异化对政府公共性的侵蚀

报表是政府运行过程中必不可少的工具之一,但在政府运行的实践中却经常出现报表异化,即报表不能提供真实的信息。这种报表异化现象导致了政府过程极易出现偏离公共性的倾向,形成对政府公共性的侵蚀,原因是政府过程中相关人员的行为以及相关制度的异化。     

城镇化进程中农村征地补偿制度的思考

我国现行的农村土地征收补偿制度存在着许多弊端，土地征用补偿标准偏低且有失公平，征收范围过宽，征地目的超出“公共利益”的范畴，土地征用补偿范围偏窄，补偿方式单一，补偿金额直接由政府决定，农民无参与权，缺乏民主程序；征地补偿费的分配依据不完善等。完善我国现行土地征收补偿制度，应遵循市场原则，提高征地补偿标准；用法律来明确“公共利益”；建立和完善补偿纠纷仲裁机构和司法渠道；合理分配征地补偿费用。     

浅谈课堂教学中学生创新素质的培养

当前,公安教育的着力点必须由文化传承转向激发创新。课堂教学是培养学生创新素质的主渠道,公安院校要把学生创新精神的培养和创新能力的发展作为课堂教学的一项重要内容。实施创新素质教育,必须以树立创新素质教育观念为先导,加强学生的创新精神、创新思维与创新技能的培养。     

Intravenous Drug Use and HIV in Estonia: Socio-Economic Integration and Development of Indicators Regarding the Right to Health for its Russian-Speaking Population

This article seeks to highlight some potential indicators and benchmarks for the right to health under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ratified by Estonia. These potential key indicators, as part of a human rights based approach to health indicators being developed by the UN Special Rapporteur, are argued to be particularly important in the context of the exceptionally high HIV rates among the Russian speaking population in Estonia. The historical emergence of the HIV epidemic in Estonia is traced, comparing its development with the situations in Latvia and Lithuania. This article describes the current extent of the HIV epidemic in Estonia which is the country with the highest reported number of HIV infections per capita in Europe, a number impacting in an extremely disproportionate fashion on its Russian-speaking population, particularly in North-Eastern Estonia. Understanding of the HIV epidemic in Estonia cannot exclude the social contextual factors of the social marginalization of many among the Russian-speaking population, the ‹alien’ status of those without citizenship of Estonia or any other State, and other failures of Estonian State policy with regard to intravenous drug use and HIV in the recent past. HIV among the prison population is also examined as disproportionately impacting upon Russian-speaking prisoners. It is argued that the language and logic of the Estonian State Integration Programme, as well as Estonia’s Second Report on the implementation of the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (2004) which refer to its Russian-speaking citizens as ‹non-Estonians’ is discrimination based on ethnic origin. In order to develop a system of State accountability in relation to the right to health, candidate indicators and benchmarks are proposed as structural, process and outcome indicators relevant to Estonia regarding the right to health and HIV, intravenous drug use, socio-economic integration and its Russian-speaking population. Dr. Paul Downes is Director of the Educational Disadvantage Centre, St. Patrick’s College, Drumcondra, Dublin, Ireland.     

日本和意大利刑事庭审中的证据调查程序评析

日本和意大利都通过立法手段将刑事诉讼的构造从传统的职权主义转向了当事人主义 ,但同时又保留了一些传统的原则和做法 ,由此在庭审的证据调查程序上形成了不同于职权主义或当事人主义的鲜明特点 ,这些特点反映了两国对“实体真实”与“正当程序”两大诉讼理念的调和。日本和意大利的改革思路以及庭审证据调查的程序设计值得我国借鉴。     

信息不对称、附随义务与缔约过失责任

市场交易中存在的信息不对称,会导致逆向选择与道德风险等市场扭曲与失效问题,为此法律科以信息优势方以附随义务对其进行矫正与替代。就信息不对称与附随义务以及违反附随义务导致的缔约过失责任之间的关系以及缔约过失责任的范围等进行论述。     

国家科研项目监理的法学研究

基于“一切有权力的人都容易滥用权力”这一“万古不易”的经验 ,着眼于“事物发展的全过程中的矛盾运动”(行政过程论 ) ,在注意总结过程发展的各个阶段的特点的基础上 ,揭示其相互联结的各方情况和特点 ,强调以专家的视野为依托 ,以多维度、多层次的外部观察和监督为途径 ,以科学、民主、法治的程序机制为保障 ,对国家科研项目的规划、立项、执行和评估等全过程实施监理 ,并以此观点为理论指导 ,系统地架构了国家科研项目监理的过程论     

论侦查阶段的"诉讼分流"制度

侦查阶段的"诉讼分流"是一种重要的刑事诉讼分流,其实质是在侦查阶段进行"司法外和解".它有利于提高诉讼效率,保障诉讼双方当事人的合法权利,并且能够实现预防犯罪的目的,是构建和谐社会的内在要求.国外侦查分流有较成功的做法,我国侦查程序中在立案、侦查、侦查终结各阶段均存在分流的空间.     

Recent Australian Market Mechanisms as a Component of an Environmental Policy That Can Make Choices Between Sustainability and Social Justice

Markets in terms of tradeable water or pollution rights, are increasingly being offered as rational solutions for environmental problems. The rational pursuit of personal gain through trading is assumed to promote increased efficiency in resource use and promote a reduction in the negative aspects of the resource use. The social and distributive effects of the introduction of markets and their rules and operations have received little concerted study and examination. In this paper the role of justice considerations in the development of economically rational environmental decision making will be addressed through some case studies of rural water markets and urban water markets in Australia.