"三个代表"进课堂探讨

“三个代表”重要思想进课堂、进教材、进学生头脑是“两课”教学的必然要求和重要任务。进课堂是“三进”的中心环节,是“三个代表”重要思想由教材入头脑的重要桥梁和纽带。当前“三个代表”进课堂中却存在着内容与形式不够统一、方法手段缺少创新、教师培训明显滞后等诸多问题,解决这些问题的出路在于一方面要创新载体、培训师资、营造环境,另一方面要正确处理课堂教学与社会实践活动、课堂教学与科学研究、系统讲授与专题学习之间的关系。     

公路客运企业安全保障运作模式研究

本文介绍了公路客运安全的国内外研究现状,分析了公路客运企业安全保障运作的一般流程,通过建立公路客运安全监控平台,提出了客运企业安全监控模式,以及所需的技术支持,从人、车、管理方面具体分析了客运企业的安全管理模式,最后提出了客运企业安全保障的发展方向。     

电大远程开放教育面授辅导教学方式的探析

电大远程开放教育利用网络、远程教学等技术手段，给学生提供了便利的学习平台，但相应面授辅导教学滞后。应改变面授教学模式，树立以学生为中心的教学理念，将学生的需求作为课堂教学设计的依据，使面授教学做到“量体栽衣”，更具有针对性。在教学中加入多种生动有效教学元素，由被动学变为主动学，这样才能取得预期效果。     

Election through complaint and controversy for political power in Chile, 1874–1925

SUMMARY

This article offers reflections on the power relations between the executive and legislative branches of the Chilean state by examining the way political parties leveraged the electoral system to balance the weight of each branch in the configuration of government. The period from 1874 to 1924 is framed by a cycle of reforms to Chile’s 1833 constitution that were pushed through by liberal sectors to limit the power of the executive under the country’s presidential regime, efforts that contributed to a final breakdown of the presidential regime following civil war in 1891. That year the victorious revolutionary forces implemented a parliamentarian system that remained in place until it was overthrown by a military coup. The literature on this process has studied the use of legislative manoeuvres such as obstruction, accusation and filibuster by political parties to weaken the executive power. Little has been written, however, about the way parties exploited the rules and procedures of the electoral system and, specifically, the use of official complaints and the process known as calificación (qualification) by which congress audited final election results. This article will help fill that void, focusing on understanding how both practices worked and the effects that the election reforms of 1874, 1884 and 1890 had on them.     

Breaking The Cycle Of Intergenerational Child Maltreatment: A Case For Active Efforts For Dependent Minor Parents And Their Children In State Custody

Dependent minor parents placed in foster care with their children often face significant hurdles. These parents are responsible to make caregiving decisions for their children, while they themselves fall under the caregiving responsibility of the state child welfare system. As such, dependent minor parents live in a “twilight zone” – they hold full parental rights, but limited rights as teenagers. For a number of reasons, the children of minor parents in foster care often come into state custody. When two generations are in foster care at the same time, states must balance the safety and best interests of the children with the rights of minor parents to care for their own children. Currently, the state child welfare system is only required to provide “reasonable efforts” to reunify parents with children when they have been removed from their care for abuse, neglect, or dependency. However, dependent minor parents in state custody often require more supportive services in order to successfully reunify with their children than in a typical child welfare case. This article places the circumstance just described in the context of dependent minor parents’ constitutionally protected rights, and advocates for a higher standard which would require states to provide “active efforts” to protect and preserve these young families.     

国际关系中的互惠:一项研究评估

国际互惠研究之于中国意义重大,因为中国的文化传统之一便是互惠关系和人情网络。这种文化传统反映到国际关系中,大体构成了平等互惠与和谐世界理念。但令人遗憾的是,中国国内至今尚未启动国际互惠研究。在西方,国际互惠已经成为一个理论话语,并产生了虽不算丰富、但仍富有启迪的研究成果。建构中国的国际互惠理论有两个前提:一是进行国际关系学意义上的田野调查,也就是要理解中国人和中国文化;二是评估西方已有成果。本文做的工作属于第二种,即较为系统地介绍西方已有研究成果,在肯定其意义的同时,重点指出其不足。这些不足可能是中国未来国际互惠研究的方向。     

重新审视影响死刑废止进程之被害人因素

死刑研讨是我国刑法学界研究的一个热点问题，但是关于被害人在推动死刑废止进程中的作用学界却甚少涉猎。本文从刑罚理论角度出发论证并反思被害人在刑罚理论中的缺失，进而提倡建构被害人补偿制度从而为废止死刑的进程奠定民意基础，最后探讨被害人保护措施以推动死刑废止进程。     

风险社会背景下之预防行政——以乌坎事件为例

以乌坎事件为切入点,行政机关在处理紧急状态时往往会采取一些预防手段。笔者主要从行政机关的这些预防性手段的合法性进行分析,阐述通过程序主义法律范式进行规制,以达到行政机关的这些预防性行为合法的目的。     

精神病鉴定程序的启动——以精神病事件的频发现象为背景

精神病事件的悲剧在我国频频发生已是不容忽视的问题。其根源之一是相当部分精神病患者或疑似精神病人未能进行精神病鉴定,因而未能确定其应当按照精神病进行医治以及落实其监护问题。人们之所以缺乏启动精神病鉴定程序的意识和行为,立法的缺失与缺陷是其主要原因。为此,我国应当在法律层面确立精神病鉴定制度,并将精神病鉴定程序的启动作为其重要内容,对精神病鉴定的适用范围、精神病鉴定程序的启动主体、委托或申请精神病的程序要求以及鉴定费用等问题作出合理的规定。     

关于罪犯心理发展的探讨

罪犯心理的发展不同于社会普通人,具有定向性、阶段性、连续性、反复性、个别差异性等特点。罪犯心理发展过程分为三个环节,分别是发展起点和方向上的定位的过程;解决心理冲突,确定方向和目标并趋向变化的过程;不断修正自我、塑造新我的发展过程。罪犯心理存在向善或恶的发展和相应特征。