Is EU enlargement bad for environmental policy? Confronting gloomy expectations with evidence

As the EU expands to include the Central and East European (CEE) countries, its capacity to adopt and implement environmental policy will be negatively affected—this has been a widely held assumption. The CEE countries have been expected to be laggards, slowing down, weakening or even reversing progress in environmental policy-making. More than 2 years have now passed since the enlargement, and the new member-states have begun to make their mark on EU decision-making and implementation. This article confronts gloomy expectations with evidence in three issue-areas: genetically modified organisms, air pollution and climate change. The main conclusions are, first, that there is no indication that enlargement will result in any breakdown of EU environmental policy. Second, the consequences vary across issue-areas. The new member-states have strengthened the group that favours strict regulation of genetically modified organisms, weakened the implementation of the EU emission trading directive and have affected EU air policy hardly at all. These results can give an indication of what is to come. On the other hand, only a short time has passed since enlargement, and the picture may change with regard to other issue-areas.     

东北老工业基地的制度“解锁”与制度创新——兼评关于老工业基地落后成因争鸣的各家观点

关于东北老工业基地落后原因,国内观点不一,但归纳起来制度落后应为主要原因。因此,通过实证分析老工业基地制度落后现状及对中国国有企业改革的实际对制度变迁的诺思模型进行修正的分析,可以充分说明导致老工业基地落后的根本原因是围绕制度“锁定”原因的多因素综合作用的结果。     

鸭肿头出血症病毒强毒的致病性及感染组织细胞的超微病理变化

将鸭肿头出血症病毒(DSHDV)强毒株以不同途径接种10日龄鸭胚,研究了病毒在鸭胚中的繁殖规律,并用透射电镜观察了感染鸭胚各组织器官的超微结构变化,同时用DSHDV人工感染不同日龄雏鸭,比较了不同感染途径对雏鸭的致病性和对不同日龄雏鸭的致病性。结果显示,尿囊腔和卵黄囊2种途径均能使病毒在鸭胚上繁殖并传代,对鸭胚的半数致死量分别为10-7.24/0.2 mL和10-6.4/0.2 mL。病毒感染鸭胚后,电镜下可观察到肝和尿囊膜中的病毒粒子,病毒粒子呈球形或椭圆形,大小为60~80 nm,无囊膜;病毒在细胞浆内复制,可形成特征性包涵体;病毒侵害的主要靶器官为尿囊膜与肝,细胞器的变化主要表现为粗面内质网扩张以及线粒体肿胀和嵴断裂、消失。病毒经肌肉注射、口服和滴鼻均能使28日龄鸭感染发病,致死率分别为86%、89%和97%。研究表明,DSHDV能很好地在鸭胚上生长并致鸭胚各组织器官超微结构发生变化,不同感染途径均能使雏鸭感染发病且致病性强。     

Freedom and Futures: Personal Priorities, Institutional Demands and Freedom of Religion

How should one define the legitimate reach of individuals' institutional obligations in the light of their right to freedom of religion? The most divisive settings for this question involve exclusions from certain jobs and schools. At the same time, some fundamental issues of ethics and law lie in the background. One of the most central concerns choice. On one approach, if there are other sources of work or education that do not make the same demands on the objector then she should choose between conforming and taking up that alternative. On another approach, even if there are such alternatives, people should not be confronted with such a dilemma: they should be entitled to stay in their preferred institution, which must make its best effort to accommodate them. The conflict between these two views arises from underlying differences concerning the nature of free choice itself; about the obligations borne by institutions in civil society; and about basic rights. The connections between these notions are investigated, and a way through the disagreement is suggested.     

我国国企制度变迁方式与时机的选择

任何一种制度变迁方式都不可能单独解决所有的制度供给问题。但是制度变迁只能以一种变迁方式为主 ,其它变迁方式为辅。这就要求把握制度变迁方式的转换时机。文章以国有企业制度变迁为例进行了实证分析。     

户政管理与我国的户政管理

户政管理是国家的基础性行政管理,我国户政管理历史悠久。新中国的户政管理对维护国家的稳定和保障群众生活,起到了重要作用。在市场经济条件下,我国现行户政管理制度,特别是户口迁移制度需要进行改革,以适应社会发展和群众生活的需要。     

冷战后马美关系的发展变化

冷战后马美关系的发展主要经历三个阶段:一是1997年金融危机爆发前,马来西亚围绕着区域经济开放与自由化等问题与美国较量,两国关系日趋紧张;二是金融危机爆发后,马来西亚和美国政要围绕危机爆发原因、是否接受IMF援助,特别是围绕“安瓦尔事件”展开了激烈的交锋,两国关系降到冰点;三是布什总统上台后,特别是“9·11事件”后两国在反恐问题上有所合作,关系逐渐缓和。冷战后马来西亚对美国的态度以及马美关系的发展变化,是马来西亚对当时美国亚太政策的做出的反应,马哈蒂尔本人的外交风格使这种反应更为激烈,但并不是马美关系发展变化的决定因素。     

贫困中的妇女发展:社会性别与差异--以《大山的女儿》"华北卷"、"西南卷"中妇女口述为例

《大山的女儿》是一部以口述史为主反映贫困妇女和性别差异的研究著作,书中华北汉族妇女和云贵苗族妇女都生活在贫困地区,他们的思想方法和生活方式反映了他们作为边缘群体的不公正性,但由于历史和社会等原因的影响,他们无论是否有成功的经历,都认为女性不及男性。尽管他们中有的人不安于现状,希望变革,但自身仍受到多种因素的制约和局限,以致难以改变现状。     

论"汽车社会"领域的政府职能转型

随着我国经济的快速发展,人们对汽车尤其是小型私人汽车的消费量迅速增加,"汽车社会"准备不足将带来消极影响和不良后果."汽车社会"领域的政府应把工作重点从"缺位"、"越位"中拉回来;用汽车消费政策引导"绿色汽车社会";启动与汽车相关的服务业;并努力学习国外相关的先进经验.     

变性人婚姻家庭法律问题探析

变性对亲属制度形成严重挑战。变性人的性别识别方法,采用"户籍登记法";变性人享有结婚的权利和自由,但应向对方履行告知义务;变性是婚姻关系终止的单独的一种原因;变性不能解除父母子女关系,婚姻关系终止后,未变性一方直接抚养未成年子女,变性方承担子女的抚养费,可构建未成年子女抚养费信托制度;变性人对不满10周岁的未成年子女享有探望权;变性人没有生育能力,子女通过收养和人工生殖技术来解决,应建立人工生育子女协议公证制度。