论现行刑事技术管理体制存在的问题及改革构想

刑事科学技术在公安工作的中作用越来越大 ,然而 ,它的发展存在着与政府管理职能之间的矛盾、计划与市场之间的矛盾和缺乏统一运作的长效机制三大问题。建立新型刑事科学技术管理体制是当务之急。刑事科学技术管理体制改革主要有加强刑事科学技术部门之间的联系、积极创建市场运行机制和合理分配资源三个方面。     

Family Structure and Problem Behavior of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Growth-Curve Study

In the present longitudinal 3-wave study of 1274 adolescents and young adults, aged 12–24 at the 1st wave, it is examined whether youngsters from intact versus postdivorce families show long-term differences in internalizing and externalizing problems. Furthermore, possible differences in the development of this problem behavior between offspring from intact and postdivorce families are examined, i.e., possible differences in growth curves of internalizing and externalizing problems are investigated. Longitudinal multilevel analyses reveal long-term differences in internalizing and externalizing problems according to family structure. Adolescents and young adults growing up in postdivorce families display more internalizing and externalizing problem behavior than youngsters of intact families. The development of these 2 types of problem behavior does not differ by gender or family structure. That is, the shape of the growth curves of internalizing and externalizing problem behavior is similar for boys and girls and also for youngsters from intact and postdivorce families. Inge VanderValk is a Postdoc Researcher at the Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, the Netherlands. She received her Ph.D. in 2004 from Utrecht University. Her major research interests include associations between adolescent adjustment and parental marital quality and parental divorce. Ed Spruijt is an Associate Professor at the University of Utrecht. He received his Ph.D. in 1983 from Utrecht University. His major research interests are the consequences of parental divorce and visitation arrangements on children. Martijn de Goede is an associate Professor at Utrecht University, Department of Methodology and Statistics. He received his Ph.D. in 1988 from Utrecht University. His major research interests are occupational and relational life courses of youngsters. Cora Maas is an Assistent Professor at Utrecht University, Department of Methodology and Statistics. She received her PH.D. in 1992 in Utrecht from Utrecht University. Her major interests are: multilevel analysis (theory and applications). Wim Meeus is full Professor of Adolescent Development at Utrecht University. He received his Ph.D. in 1984 from Utrecht University. His major research interests are personality, identity, and relationships in adolescence.     

试论郑观应的民族观

郑观应既有民族优越观,又有民族平等观,二者的对立,在他资本主义商业民族观中又得到统一。这种以“对立”、“统一”为鲜明特征的民族观,既是历史发展的结果,更是他对历史发展的贡献。     

Reliability of Sexually Violent Predator Civil Commitment Criteria in Florida

The present study investigated the reliability of Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) civil commitment criteria under Florida's Jimmy Ryce Act. The purpose of the study was to determine if, independently, 2 evaluators would reach the same conclusions about the same client (n = 295). According to civil commitment criteria outlined by the United States Supreme Court (Kansas v. Hendricks, 1997), SVPs must display a mental abnormality predisposing them to sexual violence and a likelihood of future sexual violence. The interrater reliability of 8 DSM-IV diagnoses applied by evaluators to determine whether a client has a "mental abnormality that predisposes him to sexual violence" was found to be poor to fair (kappa = .23 to . 70). The interrater reliability of risk assessment instruments used to determine "likelihood of reoffense" was good (ICC = .77 to .85). The recommendations made by evaluators regarding whether or not to refer a client for civil commitment demonstrated poor reliability (kappa = .54). Implications for practice and policy are explored.     

论国家赔偿法错拘、错捕规定的完善

《国家赔偿法》第 1 5条第 1项、第 2项的规定在表述上不严谨 ,易产生歧义 ,对无罪推定的国家赔偿问题缺乏明确规定。对此建议作如下修改 :具有下列情形之一的 ,受害人对其在刑事诉讼中受到的羁押可请求国家赔偿 :人民法院作无罪判决或作证据不足 ,指控的犯罪不能成立的无罪判决的 ;人民检察院作无罪不起诉或罪证不足不起诉决定的 ;公安机关等侦查机关认定无罪作撤销案件决定的     

三代中央领导集体对台政策纵论

中国共产党三代中央领导集体的对台政策是解决台湾问题,完成祖国统一大业的理论指南。从２０世纪５０年代中期“和平解放台湾”政策的制定,到８０年代以来“和平统一、一国两制”方针的形成,再到９０年代中期八项对台主张的提出,体现了三代中央领导集体以国家和民族利益为重的宽阔胸襟,是中国共产党人在祖国统一问题上顺应历史和时代潮流的明智选择,其中蕴含了三代中央领导集体高度的政治智慧。     

云南回族教育的传统与走向

回族教育从回族形成时即开始.云南回族教育与其他地区的回族教育一样,走过了家庭教育、经堂教育到国民教育的发展过程,但是这三个过程又从来没有因为后者的出现而摒弃前一种教育形式,而是三种教育并存,所不同的是,在不同的社会发展阶段所占的比重和教育的主要内容不同而已.当代云南回族的教育,有其先进和发展迅速的一面,也有着观念和行动上落后的弊端.回族教育要与时代合拍,只有进行创新和改革,才能培养出高层次的人才.     

关于"沉默权"问题的理性思考

许多案例表明,如果赋予犯罪嫌疑人以沉默权,将给侦查破案造成不利的影响,最早确立沉默权的英国从多年的司法实践中发现沉默权规定不利于查明案情,于1994年对沉默权制度作了重大修改.美国对实施了30多年的"米兰达规则"也提出了疑问,并通过判例规定了"米兰达规则"的若干例外.我国的"坦白从宽,抗拒从严"政策的精髓在于鼓励有罪的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人坦白认罪,允许其进行无罪或罪轻的辩解,但不承认犯罪嫌疑人、被告人有沉默权.赋予犯罪嫌疑人沉默权,其实际意义就是限制警察的讯问权.我们不主张沉默权,并不意味着警察在讯问犯罪嫌疑人时可以不受任何限制.虽然在某些案件中,口供是必不可少的重要证据,但我们必须坚持严禁刑讯逼供或以威胁引诱、欺骗等非法方式逼取口供.刑事诉讼证据较之民事诉讼中的证据要复杂得多,如果再赋予犯罪嫌疑人沉默权,则无异为侦查工作设置障碍,将造成案件久侦难破.     

在香港执行内地仲裁裁决的法律问题初探

在"一国两制"框架下,关于互相执行仲裁裁决的问题,香港和内地已有相关法律文件作了对等安排,但由于两地法律制度和司法体制的不同,统一的执行体制必须通过不同的方法、技术和途径来实施,这可能导致对有关当事人的潜在影响,如,裁决执行地的选择,为当事人选择执行地和规避法律提供了可能.     

民事调解工作存在的问题及对策

民事调解制度是我国民事诉中的一项重要的基本制度，然而，由于实践中过于强调调解结案，随之带来一些问题。在民事案件的审理中，应改变当前硬性规定高额调解率的做法，从切实提高司法人员的素质和裁判质量入手，做到调、判并重，调、判结合。