建设资源节约型环境友好型社会

建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,是党中央、国务院提出的重大战略任务。资源节约型、环境友好型社会有它内在的规定性和特征。我国建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会面临资源形势严峻、环境污染严重等方面的问题,因此需要加强法制建设,转变发展方式,实行清洁生产,发展循环经济,开发生物质能,加强科学研究,制定相应政策。     

Military Mobilization and Commitment Problems

Because of its costliness, military mobilization is generally seen as a mechanism by which high-resolve leaders can credibly signal their high resolve in international crises, thereby possibly overcoming informational asymmetries that can lead to costly and inefficient war. I examine how power-shifts caused by mobilization within a crisis can lead to commitment-problem wars. In a simple ultimatum-offer crisis bargaining model of complete information, war occurs if and only if the power-shift caused by mobilization exceeds the bargaining surplus, which is Powell's (2004 Powell, Robert. 2004. The Inefficient Use of Power. American Political Science Review, 98 May: 231–241. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 2006 Powell, Robert. 2006. War as a Commitment Problem. International Organization, 60(1): 169–203. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) general inefficiency condition for commitment-problem wars. When private information is added, and hence mobilization potentially has a stabilizing signaling role, under certain conditions the commitment problem overwhelms the signaling role and mobilization leads to certain war. Finally, I analyze an infinite-horizon model that captures the reality that mobilizing takes time, and find that commitment-problem wars occur under broader conditions than the general inefficiency condition implies.     

A Tale of Two Cities: Bureaucratisation in Mayor-Council and Council-Manager Municipalities

This paper presents a theory that predicts under what circumstances self-interested politicians ‘bureaucratise’ their administrations, in the sense that they delegate the powers to hire, fire and promote public employees to autonomous bodies (like civil service commissions). The main testable proposition is that, in polities with a higher concentration of powers, politicians will bureaucratise their administrations to overcome time inconsistency problems in their relationships with public employees. This prediction is tested with data drawn from US municipalities, where two main types of local governments co-exist: mayor-council and council-manager. Results show that municipal governments with a higher concentration of powers (i.e. mayor-council) tend to have more bureaucratised administrations.     

School-Based Prevention of Problem Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis

This study examines the features of effective school-based prevention of crime, substance use, dropout/nonattendance, and other conduct problems. It summarizes, using meta-analytic techniques, results from 165 studies of school-based prevention activities that ranged from individual counseling or behavior modification programs through efforts to change the way schools are managed. The results highlight several inadequacies in the existing research for guiding policy and practice, the most notable of which is that many popular school-based prevention approaches have not been well studied to date. The study shows, however, that school-based prevention practices appear to be effective in reducing alcohol and drug use, dropout and nonattendance, and other conduct problems. The size of the average effect for each of the four outcomes was small and there was considerable heterogeneity across studies in the magnitude of effects, even within program type after adjusting for measured method and population differences. Non-cognitive-behavioral counseling, social work, and other therapeutic interventions show consistently negative effects, whereas self-control or social competency promotion instruction that makes use of cognitive-behavioral and behavioral instructional methods show consistently positive effects. Also effective are noninstructional cognitive-behavioral and behavioral methods programs. Environmentally focused interventions appear to be particularly effective for reducing delinquency and drug use.     

精神视界的开发与“点”的深入——谈“中国当代文学”的教学

本文探讨大学中文专业基础课＂中国当代文学＂教学中的精神追求与方法特征。文章强调挖掘中国当代文学发展历程所蕴涵着的丰富精神内涵、突出它与源远流长的世界文学和中国古代文学之间的深度关联,并阐述了教学过程中的＂问题意识＂和情感体验在文学教育中的重要性,反对平面化单一性的知识介绍。     

Decision rules,membership and political centralization in the European Union

The decision to enter the European Union is based on a comparison of the costs of staying out and going it alone, and the costs membership. The latter depend on the degree of preference heterogeneity between prospective members and the Union as well as the decision rules employed for “constitutional” decisions. The same calculus guides the decision, by member states, to shift policies up to the Union level, only now the decision rules refer to centrally assigned policies. Preference heterogeneity makes more inclusive rules optimal in either case while at the same time reducing the attractiveness of membership or the centralization of policies to the EU level, respectively. The analysis complements and extends both traditional fiscal federalism literature as well as the more recent political economics literature on federalism.

Paradoxes of internationalisation of the Anglophone problem in Cameroon

Historically it is not strange that the Anglophone elites in Cameroon took their case to the international community, since this was a strategy that they employed during the British colonial period. A number of petitions and constant visits were made to the United Nations (UN) by Anglophone elites concerning British neglect of their territory. These petitions were made in the form of presentations before the United Nations in New York or whenever there was a visiting UN mission to the trust territory. Nonetheless, since the early 1990s, the pattern of petitions has changed drastically. Petitions against the new state are different from those earlier petitions against colonialism. The aim of the petitions against the new state has been to draw the attention of the UN and the international community to the injustices inflicted upon minority English-speaking Cameroonians by the ruling government. The Anglophone elites believe that, by making their plight known to the international community, the latter might intervene to restore the statehood of Southern Cameroons.     

生产销售伪劣产品犯罪以及侵犯知识产权犯罪实证研究

北京市海淀区人民检察院2001年至2005年办理的生产、销售伪劣产品犯罪以及侵犯知识产权案件,反映了近五年来此类犯罪的基本情况、案件特点,案件办理中也呈现出法律适用以及司法程序的若干问题,如犯罪构成要件尚不明确、司法鉴定问题突出等.     

重构中国行政司法制度

行政司法是行政机关按照准司法程序裁处有关争议的行政法律制度,它缘起于西方国家行政权的扩张和对传统分权制衡理念的反思.我国行政司法在发展过程中存在基础理论匮乏、形式滞后、主体授权不明、程序设计缺位、效力不足等理论和现实问题.应当针对上述问题,立足国情并借鉴域外经验,重构中国特色的行政司法制度.     

宪政视野下公安行政执法工作亟待澄清的若干问题研究

在宪政视野关注下,公安机关在考虑严格执法,保障法律秩序的同时,更应树立以人为本的理念,始终把公民权利的保障放在根本位置上考虑。严格执法的终极目的就是保障宪法赋予每一个公民的基本权利不受非法侵害。以以上理念作为标准考察,当前公安机关的执法工作中表现出很多的不适应,许多问题亟待澄清。从实体上讲,提高执法质量的关键是增强基层实战民警的证据合法性意识,而不是证据意识。从程序上讲,规范执法行为的前提是树立正确的程序规范化意识,而不是程序意识。最大限度地保证公民权利不受侵犯,首要的是加强事前监督,而不是事后救济。当前公安法制工作的着重点应当是大力加强内部执法监督的法制化建设和建立主动接受监督机制,而不是制定大量的操作性执法规范和被动地接受外部监督。