产品缺陷及认定标准比较研究

产品缺陷是产品责任构成不可或缺的要件,我国对产品缺陷的定义及其认定标准界定的不够科学,对此,应借鉴国外经验.是否存在不合理的危险应是产品缺陷定义的关键因素.产品缺陷的认定标准,应确立"两分法"标准,即根据情况,选择适用消费者期待标准,或者风险-效用平衡标准.     

选举争讼制度比较研究

从国外选举争讼的性质、争讼范围及解决选举争讼的基本模式看,我国选举争讼制度存在争讼范围过于狭小、诉讼程序简单等问题     

Juvenile Delinquency in Central European Cities: A Comparison of Registration and Processing Structures in the 1990s

The authors trace and compare the developments in recorded juvenile delinquency in Hamburg, Prague, Cracow and Budapest from 1991-1997 and then analyse the processing and selection procedures of the various justice systems. They devote special attention to ethnic minorities within this filtering process. The most salient feature is that the crime rates and processing structures in the former socialist countries display considerable similarities. It would almost be possible to speak of a specific type of criminal justice system with a typical form of reaction. While in the West, the large number of suspects is considerably reduced during later stages of selection to a much smaller number (those actually sentenced and/or imprisoned), what the authors call a funnel model, in the East a smaller number of suspected offenders enters this selection process, but tends to remain within it and be sentenced - the cylinder model. These procedural structures have changed little in the 1990s, and there has certainly not been any increasing alignment of the Eastern systems with the Western one. Indeed, the difference has, if anything, become greater. These lower crime statistics as compared with the West - represented here by Hamburg - are, however, not only the result of equally large discrepancies between the real crime rates, but in this regard the pro-active crime prevention measures of the police, which in Hamburg have caused the inclusion of an increased number of juveniles and foreigners in the crime statistics since 1995, have also had a great effect. The research project thus clearly demonstrates the importance of interpreting crime statistics neither as a true representation nor as a distorted reflection of the activities of a criminal justice system. Instead, these statistics should be seen as reflecting specific processing procedures and methods of crime control.     

中法犯罪侦查制度比较研究

中法两国的犯罪侦查制度各有特点。中国侦查机关的单一系统有利于侦查部门的协作配合,侦查效率高;法国侦查机关的两个系统侦查权限不明,侦查效率低。中国实行专门化侦查与一般化侦查相结合的侦查模式可以节省警力;法国实行的专门化侦查模式有利于提高破案率。中国实行的一步式侦查有利于增强侦查人员的责任心;法国实行的二步式侦查有利于在人员的使用上扬长避短。对于侦查人员的讯问,在中国,犯罪嫌疑人必须如实回答;在法国,犯罪嫌疑人享有不供述的权利。对于拒绝作证的人,中国不采取强制措施、实施处罚;法国可以采取强制措施、实施处罚。比较两国犯罪侦查制度的异同,评价两者的优点、缺点,吸收、借鉴对方的有益经验,有利于完善我国的犯罪侦查制度。     

Regulation in Comparative Perspective

Structural changes in the world economy pose challenging new problems for comparative policy analysis. One such problem is the harmonization of domestic policies and institutions, which the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations has identified as a key principle of international economic relations. Harmonization may mean the creation of a single policy space out of a number of distinct jurisdictions. It can also mean the adoption of common policy goals or general principles that national governments can pursue by different strategies. Comparative analysis can help in choosing the type of harmonization most appropriate in a given context. This article analyzes the development of harmonization strategies in the European Community/European Union. The European experience shows that far-reaching economic integration can be achieved without suppressing cultural diversity and legitimate differences in national preferences.     

Foreign Investment and Trade in Cuban Development: A 50-Year Reassessment with Emphasis on the Post-1990 Period

This article provides a 50-year reassessment of foreign investment and trade in Cuba and locates this analysis within Cuban debates on development and the economics of transition. Transformations contextualised in these debates cover three periods. The 1959–1989 period was characterised by nationalisations and expropriations, the imposition of the US trade embargo, and the trade and economic assistance agreements signed with the Soviet Union. The Special Period crisis emerged in the 1990s and Cuba had to turn to foreign investment and alternative trade options while continuing to reject the adoption of open regionalism and neoliberal policies. The 2005–2008 period was characterised by Cuba's incorporation into the Bolivarian Alternative, a new regional integration model.     

不可量物侵害制度比较研究

不可量物侵害制度是现代民法中的一种新型的物权法律制度,它是伴随着人类在现代科技条件下的工业生产和日常生活中所产生的诸如噪音、粉尘、电磁波等采用传统计量手段和方法无法加以精确计算的物质的侵入而出现的。现代社会人口激增,土地日趋紧张,完善我国不可量物侵害制度对于维持社会秩序的安定、促进社会秩序的和谐,都有重大的意义。     

英国警察临战战术的特点及其启示

面对不断恶化的社会治安形势，英国警方在加强自身装备建设的同时，十分注重临战战术的研究、培训及应用，以有效发挥警察临战效能，其经验和做法具有鲜明的特点，非常值得我们思考与借鉴。     

民法典设立先占取得制度之必要性与可能性透视

现行中国民事立法未明示规定先占取得制度,深刻影响着民法价值目标之合理性与体系建构之完整性。综观各 国立法,意识形态虽或相异,历史传统亦未必相同,但其于先占取得制度之构建方面却体现了一种共同之价值立 场并于法典中明示列出。以现行民事立法之价值选择与体系缺失两方面为切入点,分析先占取得制度阙如所产 生之诸种弊端,探明于未来民法典中增设先占取得制度之必然性及可能性,同时,以《中华人民共和国民法草案》 为蓝本对先占取得制度进行简要条文设计。