When Screams Are Not Released: A Study of Communication and Consent in Acquaintance Rape Situations

This study examines the importance of modes of communication in the context of acquaintance rape, using 96 reported cases of acquaintance rape from a southeastern law enforcement agency. Through the demographic characteristics of each acquaintance rape, as well as the testimonies of the complainants and—in some cases—the accused, this research reveals the way in which victims communicate their responses to these attacks. A typology of modes of communication clearly emerges from these qualitative data. The patterns of communication further underscore the likelihood of passive responses, particularly the complete lack of communication when the victim “freezes.” The implications of such response modes are considered.     

论患者隐私权保护——兼论侵害“告知后同意”之请求权基础

隐私权已从传统消极防御面向发展到兼具积极支配面向,主要包括四项权能:隐私隐瞒权、隐私利用权、隐私维护权和隐私支配权.《侵权责任法》第62条、第61条、第55条和第56条对应以上四种权能并共同构筑了患者隐私权范畴.患者隐私支配权需要借助于对患者的“告知后同意”实现,告知的内容应当包括医师同时兼具的研究者身份与潜在利益冲突.“告知后同意”虽然可以作为一种法益或者注意义务之违反得到救济,但作为某种权利得到保护系必然趋势,这种权利应是隐私权而非自主权.侵害患者“告知后同意”之隐私权的请求权基础应为第6条第1款,涉及赔偿责任时应适用特别规定第55条第2款,所涉损害主要系精神损害.