强奸罪与嫖宿幼女罪的关系

如何理解奸淫幼女型强奸罪与嫖宿幼女罪的关系,刑法理论存在多种解释方案。在立法论上,可以从两罪法条竞合但刑罚轻重失序的角度展开修法必要性的论证。在解释论上,无论是将两罪解释为法条竞合进而主张“重法优于轻法”或者主张想象竞合犯而“从一重罪处罚”,在法理上都难以自洽。较为妥当的解释方案是,缺乏有效同意是强奸罪的构成要件要素,具备有效同意则是嫖宿幼女罪的构成要件要素,因此两罪是互斥关系。同意效力判断的关键在于幼女是否属于具备性同意能力的卖淫幼女。这不仅能够合理说明类法益对刑法章节设置的指导意义,而且有利于维持保护幼女与保障人权之间的平衡。     

基因隐私权的民法保护

以传统隐私权保护为基点的现行立法与司法,无法完成现代隐私权,特别是个人信息隐私权所强调和要求的保护架构.在权利配置上,无法实现对传统隐私权按照个人信息处理程序的不同阶段进行权利增设与重置.在保护机制上,无法通过司法能动主义建立个人信息隐私权,特别是基因隐私权所要求的公共监督框架.因此,在后基因组时代,应当坚持以个人信息法作为个人信息(包括基因信息)保护的基本制度框架,在个人信息法的范围内,对作为高度敏感个人信息的基因信息予以特别处理.     

我国侵权责任法知情同意条款评析

我国《侵权责任法》知情同意条款存在许多可资称道之处,比如,它明确了违反告知义务将导致侵权损害赔偿责任,坚持了“信息告知”与“诊断治疗”两种情境的区分,就医务人员的告知义务和例外做出了原则规定,没有赋予“法律、行政法规、规章以及其他有关诊疗规范的规定”以终局性。但是,它也有许多值得进一步完善之处,它需要进一步凸显知情同意规则的特质、明确信息披露的标准、启用“实质性信息”概念、紧缩“医疗特权”的适用范围。     

National Identity as a Means of Reducing Ethnic Negativism

This article discusses how national identity in Russia is understood by the public and among experts who study ethnic issues. The author separates the notion of national identity into categorical identity and associative identity (i.e., the consolidating type of identity which is based on a strong feeling of connection with other citizens). The latter type of identity is present only among a third of people who identify themselves as Russian. The author further analyses the connection of this type of identity with inter-ethnic negativism. She finds that national identity does not remove bias toward abstract “others.” However, it affects direct inter-ethnic communication in the labor and family spheres. The positive impact of national identity on inter-ethnic attitudes is more apparent in the Astrakhan region, which has longer experience of inter-ethnic communication. It is argued that one obstacle to national identity having a positive impact on inter-ethnic attitudes is the lack of a clear and consistent understanding of national identity among education experts, social scientists, and journalists. The study utilizes data from Wave 24 of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology (“The dynamics of social transformation of modern Russia in the socioeconomic, political, sociocultural, and ethno-confessional contexts,” Wave 4) and several separate regional polls conducted by the Department of Ethno-sociology of the Institute of Sociology, Russian Academy of Science between 2014 and 2016.     

Mix-Ups, Mistake and Moral Judgement: Recent Developments in U.K. Law on Assisted Conception

Hard cases make bad law. In a matter of months, two such cases involving assisted reproduction have appeared before the U.K. High Court and legislation has been enacted. The common threads between them are consent and fatherhood. The first case concerns a ‘mistake’ resulting in sperm from the wrong man being used to create an embryo for a couple and the second the revocation of consent by a man to his former partner being allowed to use an embryo they created together. Furthermore, Parliament has intervened, passing legislation which sets out when sperm from a dead man may be used by his former partner to generate an embryo. This note argues that the three developments cannot be reconciled with one another and that the cases in particular, decided on a narrow legal basis, convey contradictory messages, leading in at least one instance to a gross injustice.     

病患知情同意权之探讨

知情同意权是病患充分了解自己病情诊断以及可供选择的治疗方案信息并作出接受治疗与否以及选择何种治疗方案的人格权利。病患知情同意权作为病患的一项重要权利越来越受到关注。     

A Network Perspective on Negotiation: What Is New and Why It Matters

The resources that individual negotiators need to solve their problems are not available in a single, concentrated form, and they are certainly not available only within an isolated dyad itself. Instead, the necessary resources are widely dispersed among many actors within networks of business relationships. The best deal is unlikely to be fixed or predetermined, but is rather the outcome of long and time‐consuming negotiations that will then affect further negotiations. In this article, I describe a network perspective on negotiation that considers the relevance and impact of three phenomena that I call (1) vast connectivity, (2) multiple constitutions, and (3) ongoing consent. I further illustrate the applicability of these three factors using examples of real‐life negotiations.     

公法视域下的劳动者个人信息保护——以保障劳动者知情同意权为研究视角

近年来,随着算法等人工智能技术越来越多地运用于劳动者管理中,劳动者的个人信息保护短 板日渐凸显。劳动者的个人信息保护问题在实践中较为常见,相关司法案例数量也日趋增多。经过对司法案例 的分析,发现私法在保护劳动者个人信息方面表现欠佳：一是在算法黑箱下劳动者知情同意原则难以得到落实, 二是劳动者很难通过合同审查模式主张其个人信息权利。由于劳动关系的不平等属性和个人信息权利的工具属 性,有必要引入公法对劳动者的知情同意权进行保护。劳动者个人信息权益的保护有赖于以各地劳动监察部门 为中心的行政监管,此种路径优于事后司法进行的合同审查。具体而言,劳动监察部门应在监督用人单位落实 知情同意原则的同时,根据技术准则动态调整知情同意原则实施的具体标准,在个案判定劳动者个人信息是否 受到合理保护时使用分类收集标准。     

Childhood,age of consent and moral regulation in Canada and the UK

This paper analyses the resurgent regulation of young people's sexuality in Canada and the UK and examines notions of childhood in relation to adulthood, referred to by the term ‘generation’, as they are portrayed in the political process. In both cases, the political manipulation of the identity of childhood in relation to adulthood that is both gendered and generational is an important enabling factor, although regulation takes place within a specific context for each. Moreover, this politics of generation reaches beyond the specific regulation of young people's sexuality through notions of hegemonic femininity and masculinity and the idealization of the heterosexual family in a far more pervasive regulation of society in general.     

法医病理司法鉴定纠纷产生的原因及其防范

法医病理司法鉴定在刑事案件、民事纠纷、保险理赔等方面发挥着重要的作用。通过鉴定工作实践,总结出法医病理司法鉴定纠纷产生的各种原因,结合中华人民共和国司法部第107号令《司法鉴定程序通则》第17条规定,在进行司法鉴定前必须签署司法鉴定协议书的实施情况,同时借鉴医疗活动中知情同意的做法,针对性地提出预防法医病理司法鉴定纠纷的对策。