Discursive ethnomethodology: Analysing power and resistance in talk

Abstract

In order to better understand relationships between forms of institutional discourse and social interaction we outline an approach to the study of power in talk which we call discursive ethnomethodology. Following commas on approaches to the study of language and power, we illustrate our framework through analysis of an interview between a police officer and suspect where the latter exhibits a ‘right to silence’. Essentially, our approach distinguishes between two aspects of talk as event the immediate participation context, end the discursive or ‘folk-model’ resources employed by participants in context. Corresponding to these aspects are implicit/explicit expressions of power and resistance and externally available discursive objects. Through example extracts we illustrate how this framework can be employed in forensic psychology, bringing together both discursive psychology and critical discourse analysis alongside the ethnomethodological orientation of conversation analysis.     

On the Communicative Underpinnings of Campaign Effects: Presidential Debates,Citizen Communication,and Polarization in Evaluations of Candidates

Previous research on presidential debates has largely focused on direct effects of debates on viewers. By expanding the context of debate effects to post-debate citizen communication, this study moves beyond the direct and immediate impact of debate viewing and investigates indirect effects of debate viewing mediated by debate-induced citizen communication. Results from two-wave panel data collected before and after the 2004 presidential debates show that, as previous literature has suggested, debate viewing leads to partisan reinforcement and that these debate effects are in part mediated through post-debate political conversation. These findings provide a new layer of complexity to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying debate effects.     

If You Are the One: Love at First Sigh

正"Let’s go out for a drink tonight,what do you say?"I ask my friend Anne-Sophie.She answers:"Oh no,sorry,I’d prefer to stay home tonight,to watch Feicheng Wurao on TV."THIS conversation made me realize just how enthralling this show must be,for many people.Indeed,each episode–broadcast on Jiangsu TV every Saturday and Sunday evening–scores almost 40 million viewers,not including those who watch it online after its initial airing.Feicheng Wurao,translated into English as If You Are the One,is among the three most popular TV shows in China.     

Doing (things with) sounds: introduction to the special issue

This special issue aims at analyzing music as a site of social semiosis, i.e., at investigating the manifold ways in which music is constituted as a socially shared event. The papers collected here follow three main threads, considered as central aspects of music making: studying the kind of coordination and participation required to make music together; looking at the semiotic resources employed by musicians to construct their roles in interaction; examining the relationship between language and music. A variety of perspectives is adopted, ranging from social semiotics to conversation analysis, anthropology, multimodal analysis, and critical discourse analysis. Such a variety is also reflected in the musical traditions – Western art music, jazz, gospel, church hymns, pop music – and in the settings under examination, which comprise instructional activities like musical classes and rehearsals, as well as ordinary conversations and written accounts of musicians' biographies. Issues of epistemicity and authority, intersubjectivity, correction of musical action, solidarity, and ideology are thereby addressed. The issue thus aims at exploring the richness and complexity of music making as a social practice, and documents how the integration of different disciplinary perspectives can offer fruitful insights on music as a domain of sociality which lies at the intersection of aurality and writing, norm and creativity, individuality and collectiveness.     

Singing in interaction

Drawing on a database of 26 hours of video-recorded Finnish conversations from three different settings – everyday conversations among family and friends, instrumental lessons and church workplace meetings – we consider the ways in which singing can be used as an interactional resource to enact the three basic communicative motives of humans: requesting, informing, and sharing. Singing has the potential to initiate joint activities, which allows the participants to share their emotional stances. The usage of singing is, however, more limited in requesting or informing – a disadvantage which people, especially in musical settings, need to deal with. There are, nevertheless, situations where the possibility to choose to perform such actions through singing can help maintain mutual solidarity between participants. We argue that people's distinct ways of interpreting spoken and sung utterances can be best understood from the perspective of participants' orientations to agency and accountability.     

试论测前谈话中的心理定向问题

定向反射初始化是犯罪心理测试前谈话的心理机制。测前谈话的主要目的就是促成心理定向 ,促进选择性注意的形成 ,即作案人只对相关问题发生反应 ,而无辜者只对准绳问题发生反应。由此建议测前谈话遵循主试介绍、被试自陈、开发准绳、激励测试的规范步骤。     

From DJ talk to music journalism*

Drawing on 5 hours of data from a very popular and one of the longest-running music radio programs, the current study uses a combination of conversation analysis and sound semiotics to study the interconnection among talk, music and sound in DJ talk, an area which is somewhat of a blind spot in radio studies. The analysis demonstrates that the music program is primarily a program that unfolds through a music information “chain” and evolves through a musical narration of historical important moments of the artists or music genres that are being presented. The results illustrate a number of principal features of a music journalism show and highlight the unique DJ style and its role in the completion of the show.     

论报纸、广播、电视、网络新闻语言的语境

新闻语言在语境上与日常会话有明显区别:在言语链上表现为单向与循环的差异,在交际场景上表现为虚拟与具体的对立,在交际范围上则表现为开放与封闭的不同.新闻受众也因新闻传播媒介的不同而在信息的"真"、"新"、"快"、"易"、"近"等需求上表现出不同的侧重.     

话语角色定位对言语交际的影响及调整

言语交际中交际主体对话语角色定位的过程是一个开放的、动态的过程,有许多因素会对其产生影响,其中,话语角色对交际的影响是非常明显的.     

迈向“言说”理性的法律会话推理

法律推理是理性的过程,具体而言是一种实践理性.法律实践是一种“言说”的实践,特别是在司法过程中,任何一个环节都离不开“言说”这种会话模式.法律推理的过程就是在法律会话实践中选择最适合结论的过程,它包括一定法律行为正当化的论证和相对于一定目的的最佳手段的确定.法律会话推理①正是从多主体“言说”角度寻找正当性的法律推理方法,是一种“言说着”的理性,其以话语为媒介,以法律当事人之间的会话沟通为方式,通过各方对话语意图理解找到解决问题的最佳行为方法,从而对推理结论进行正当性论证,这里的正当性建立在主体间性的基础上,因而具有主体间的可接受性和社会层面的合理性.