Adapting the Chumbley Score to Match Striae on Land Engraved Areas (LEAs) of Bullets,

The same‐source problem remains a major challenge in forensic toolmark and firearm examination. Here, we investigate the applicability of the Chumbley method (J Forensic Sci, 2018, 63, 849; J Forensic Sci, 2010, 55, 953) (10,12), developed for screwdriver markings, for same‐source identification of striations on bullet LEAs. The Hamby datasets 44 and 252 measured by NIST and CSAFE (high‐resolution scans) are used here. We provide methods to identify parameters that minimize error rates for matching of LEAs, and a remedial algorithm to alleviate the problem of failed tests, while increasing the power of the test and reducing error rates. For 85,491 land‐to‐land comparisons (84,235 known nonmatches and 1256 known matches), the adapted test does not provide a result in 176 situations (originally more than 500). The Type I and Type II error rates are 7.2% (6105 out of 84,235) and 21.4% (271 out of 1256), respectively. This puts the proposed method on similar footing as other single‐feature matching approaches in the literature.     

人体内血醇浓度变化及其影响因素分析

目的探索饮酒后人体内血醇浓度(BAC)变化及其影响因素,建立BAC代谢的数学模型。方法采用顶空气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器和内标曲线法测量酒后人体内的BAC,利用SPSS20.0和R软件对数据进行相关性分析并建立数学模型。结果女性的平均BAC消除速率为9.54mg/100m L/h,男性的平均BAC消除速率为12.19mg/100m L/h,女性消除速率小于男性,并且BAC消除速率与性别中等相关,与体重强相关,与年龄无关。通过构建混合效应模型可以准确的预测BAC,该模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.60mg/100m L,其次利用决策树分析数据,其MAE为9.99mg/100m L。结论饮酒后人体内BAC消除速率与性别、体重有关,通过时间、饮酒量、性别、体重建立混合效应模型可以准确推断BAC。     

The Automation of Regression Modeling in Osteometric Sorting: An Ordination Approach

This study compares the original osteometric sorting association method with an ordination approach across all combinations of the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, and fibula. This includes both the original prediction interval and t‐statistic approaches. Standard measurements are utilized in the models with full measurements combined and without length measurements. The sample is the osteometric sorting reference from the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. A full set of performance statistics is provided. Results indicate the ordination approach outperforms the original in the majority of bone combinations. Models with length measurements have more exclusion power than those without. It is recommended for the ordination approach to supersede the original when applied to large commingled assemblages.     

建设用地增减挂钩制度：问题与出路

增减挂钩制度在实践运行中偏离其原有的设计初衷发生异化,所以该制度在进一步推动和完善时遭到了社会各界的质疑。但是笔者认为,该制度具有相当的科学合理性,并且在我国当今建设用地短缺和集体土地使用低效的国情下有着重要的意义,不容轻易否定,但应找准问题的症结,在技术上对该政策进行完善。     

基于灰色关联分析的中国制造行业财务环境绩效评价

该文采用灰色关联分析和熵权法对中国制造业26个子行业2007—2011年的财务环境绩效进行了评价研究。研究表明,中国各制造行业的财务环境绩效差距较大,且轻工制造业的绩效总体优于重工制造业。通过进一步作静态和动态分析,并对各影响因素的重要性进行比较,认为先保护后生产或是治理与生产共进的做法比先污染后治理的做法更有利于提高财务环境绩效,为此,主要应从节能和减排做两方面做起。     

Is There a Correlation Between Footstep Length,Lower Extremities,and Stature?, ,

A probable correlation between stature and footstep length is expected, and consequently, the stature may be estimated from footstep length. The present research was conducted to study the correlation of footstep length with length of the lower extremities and stature. The study participants (n = 142) were asked to walk on a paper sheet with inked feet and footstep length was measured. Mean stature and lower limb length were significantly larger in males. Sex differences were not observed in the average footstep length. Average footstep length and lower limb length did not show a significant correlation among the participants. A statistically significant correlation was observed between average footstep length and stature only among females. Our observations suggest that the length of the lower limb may not be a major factor in determining the footstep length of a person and that the forensic utility of stature estimation from footstep length may be limited.     

青年人正常行走左右足底压力分布关系的研究

目的研究左右足底压力分布及变化规律，为利用现场左右足迹分析年龄等人身特点提供科学依据，也为足迹定量化分析与检验奠定基础。方法采用Footscan足底压力步态分析系统，选择30名青年男性，对其正常行走时足底压力分布数据进行采集、处理，运用SPSS12．0统计软件对左右足底6个区域的平均压强进行Pearson相关分析。结果左右足相应区域足底压力分布具有不同程度的相关性。结论正常行走左右足跟区压强相关性最好，在利用现场左右足迹分析年龄等人身特点时，应以跟区特征为主，其它区域特征辅助。     

Judicial Power Evolution in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

The judicial power in the era of artificial intelligence is facing major stimuli and influences from the results of the information revolution such as big data, cloud computing, and blocks chain. Chinas judicial power theory urgently needs to construct a new ideal picture in the era of artificial intelligence. With regard to the application of laws and the determination of facts, artificial intelligence introduces the thinking method of related relations into the decision-making of judges, and realizes the “same judgment with the same case” through a large database, and leads to the judicial power from passive exercise to active appearance. In the pursuit of justice value and efficiency of justice, the application of artificial intelligence will bring a sharp reduction in judicial costs, an exponential improvement in judicial efficiency, a re-examination of judicial justice, and an intelligent construction of the main body of referees. In the judicial system and technical constraints, the hard constraints of information technology will replace the soft norms of the judicial system. We can use block chain technology to upgrade the witness protection system and try to construct the pre-trial risk assessment system.     

法律监督职能与化解社会矛盾关联性研究

法律监督作为维护社会公平正义的检察职权，与化解社会矛盾这一系统工程有着内在的、必然的联系。从价值追求、根本属性、机制运作等方面审视，法律监督职能在实际履行中与化解社会矛盾的需要还不相适应，需要从执法理念、执法机制、执法效果等方面进行改革与完善。