Accountability in Public Management Networks: An Analysis of Cost Monitoring in Chicago Municipal Networks

Public management networks (PMNs) continue to proliferate as governance becomes more complex, and so does the need to hold them accountable. Agency and collaboration theories provide a solid foundation, but additional constructs are necessary to adapt to this dynamic era. Building from Bovens et al. (2008), the authors offer an ecological framework of third-party accountability that incorporates a number of prominent accountability theories under the same construct. Employing a mixed-methods research design that examines eight local PMNs in the Chicago region, the study finds that an exemplar accountability mechanism—additional cost monitoring—occurs more often in situations predicted by the framework. Additionally, qualitative interviews of network participants suggest that cost structures can differ by network type, which is verified quantitatively.     

行政法比例原则的价值分析

比例原则的基本内涵和价值理念是行政法基本原则领域值得关注和探讨的重要问题之一。在内涵方面,比例原则包括适当性原则、必要性原则和比例性原则;在价值理念上它符合宪政和法治的思想,可以规范行政主体的自由裁量权、保证相对人权益的最大化,而且能够降低行政成本,提高行政效率。随着比例原则的不断发展和在世界各国的广泛应用,其在我国行政法中也将起到重要的作用。     

法学研究的经济学维度——基于法律经济学的思考

法律经济学作为经济学帝国主义的重要表现 ,它是用经济学的方法和理论来考察、研究法律和法律制度的形成、结构、过程、效果、效率及未来发展的学科 ;它是法学和经济学科际整合的边缘学科。本文在阐述了法律经济学的发展历程及基本理论思维后 ,提出了法律经济学运动带给我们的几点思考     

对建立取得时效制度的法律经济学分析

取得时效制度的本质是以法定形式重新界定产权归属 ,将权利人怠于行使主权利转移于能够充分利用它的人。从制度供给与需求的关系来看 ,我国有必要引入取得时效制度。建立取得时效制度要考虑到法律成本的问题     

无固定期限劳动合同“弊端”论之辨析及对策

《劳动合同法》和《劳动合同法实施条例》规定了诸多可以解除无固定期限劳动合同的情形,无固定期限劳动合同不是"铁饭碗";无固定期限劳动合同只是五种形式的合同之一,况且,《劳动合同法》还增加了企业解除合同和裁员的规定,不会导致用工机制僵化;所谓"人力资源成本的增加"实质上是一些违规企业承担了本来就应该承担的义务;《劳动合同法》向劳动者倾斜是实质公平的体现,但并不会因此不保护企业的利益,从长远看,企业和劳动者的利益是一致的。     

毒品犯罪的法经济学分析

从经济学的观点来看,人们是否从事某一项行为都是在利益最大化原则的支配下进行的。毒品案件的犯罪嫌疑人也是在综合分析该行为的成本收益之后才实施毒品犯罪的。以经济学的观点分析毒品犯罪的犯罪成本和犯罪收益,以此为基础对禁毒对策进行经济学的分析。     

On the value of formal assessment of uncertainty in regulatory analysis

The US Office of Management and Budget introduced in 2003 a new requirement for the treatment of uncertainty in Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) of proposed regulations, requiring agencies to carry out a formal quantitative uncertainty assessment regarding a regulation’s benefits and costs if either is expected to reach $1 billion annually. Despite previous use in other contexts, such formal assessments of uncertainty have rarely been employed in RIAs or other regulatory analyses. We describe how formal quantitative assessments of uncertainty – in particular, Monte Carlo analyses – can be conducted, we examine the challenges and limitations of such analyses in the context of RIAs, and we assess how the resulting information can affect the evaluation of regulations. For illustrative purposes, we compare Monte Carlo analysis with methods typically used in RIAs to evaluate uncertainty in the context of economic analyses carried out for the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Nonroad Diesel Rule, which became effective in 2004.     

The economic significance of “insignificant” rules

We know relatively little about the economic effects of “insignificant” rules because they are not typically analyzed. Yet, these rules could be cumulatively important. We provide an economic analysis of one proposed rule to control hazardous air pollutants, which is not considered to be economically significant. This rule is of particular interest because it is one of the first in a long series of rules that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will consider for limiting hazardous air pollutant emissions. Our analysis suggests that the proposed controls that EPA has considered are not likely to pass a benefit–cost test. We recommend that an agency base its decision to allocate additional resources to benefit–cost analysis on the expected value of the improved information. In addition, agencies should consider applying a rule of thumb that would specify a threshold level of risk reduction that needs to be achieved before some kinds of regulation are considered.     

惩罚性赔偿的根据与适用:法经济学观点

惩罚性赔偿的法经济学研究从20世纪70年代到现在已经产生了许多重要的成果,其中威慑理论最为成熟。但是,除了最优威慑外,还存在其他一些正当化的理由,如赔偿不足、惩罚等。惩罚性赔偿的适用,要考虑行为的可谴责性、被告的财富状况,也要考虑到诉讼成本等诸多因素。     

图书馆运行成本分析

图书馆是一个以文献为中心, 通过对文献的搜集、整理、保存、流通来实现其自身功能的系统结构。为维护图书馆的正常工作就必需投入大量的费用,这就是图书馆的运行成本。科学管理的目的是要求以最少的投入实现最大的产出,管理可以出效益。通过对图书馆运行成本的分析,我们可以用数字来衡量办馆效益,合理地调配人力资源,开源节流,避免人力、财力、物力的浪费,让进入图书成本运行的每一分钱都用在实现图书馆整体目标之中。