Delivering effective therapeutic interventions for men with severe personality disorder within a high secure prison

Abstract

The Fens Unit is a government-initiated facility for male prisoners reaching criteria for Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD). Prisoners are assessed using a standardised process; those meeting criteria engage in a five-year treatment programme using a cognitive interpersonal model. Personality disorder is seen as a combination of coping strategies, developed in response to experience, which results in dysfunctions of thinking, feeling, behaviour and interpersonal relationships. These dysfunctions are linked to offending. Therefore, in order to reduce risk, multiphasic interventions – individual and group therapies – specifically target each dysfunction area, focusing on the developmental experiences that generated them. Each man's individual risk factors become treatment targets that are addressed in every aspect of the programme. All staff on the unit, clinical and operational, attempt to improve the quality of interpersonal relationships the prisoner has access to in order to create remedial experiences that are necessary to attain the capacity to develop socially adaptive cognitive, emotional and behavioural responses. This paper describes the treatment provided to these prisoners and the outcomes for the first cohort to have completed treatment (n=18). Results indicate that there is a reduction in violent behaviour, a higher than expected attendance at therapy, a decrease in actuarial risk measures and the majority of men are successfully managed in lower security after programme completion.     

中国烟草行业体制改革研究

随着全球经济一体化的不断发展,中国烟草行业面临着内部和外部的双重挑战,承受着前所未有的竞争压力,行业体制改革势在必行。本文认为,由于烟草行业的特殊性,其体制改革需要拓展新的思路,在不能大幅度扩大产量和调整价格的情况下,应以节约各项生产成本及以经营管理中的交易成本为体制创新的主导思想,进而完善现有的烟草行业管理体制。     

关于油田基层班组成本核算的探讨

企业班组是生产经营管理的最小单元,企业生产经营如何搞好,班组成本管理是关键。班级成本核算作为企业实行成本核算的基础,只要不断完善基层班组核算制度,提高全员核算水平,把握住当前班组成本核算所面临的问题,通过建立科学合理的班组核算体系,逐步探索出一条适应企业基层核算的路子。     

Long‐Run Labor Market Effects of the Job Corps Program: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Experiment

Job Corps is the nation's largest and most comprehensive career technical training and education program for at‐risk youth ages 16 to 24. Using the sample from a large‐scale experiment of the program from the mid‐1990s, this article uses tax data through 2015 (20 years later) to examine long‐term labor market impacts. The study finds some long‐term beneficial effects for the older students, with employment gains of 4 percentage points, 40 percent reductions in disability benefit receipt, and 10 percent increases in tax filing rates in 2015. For these students, program benefits exceeded program costs from the social perspective. This study is the first to establish that a national program for disconnected youth can produce long‐term labor market gains, and can be a positive investment made for society. The results suggest that intensive, comprehensive services that focus on developing both cognitive and noncognitive skills are important for improving labor market prospects for this population.     

行政法比例原则的价值分析

比例原则的基本内涵和价值理念是行政法基本原则领域值得关注和探讨的重要问题之一。在内涵方面,比例原则包括适当性原则、必要性原则和比例性原则;在价值理念上它符合宪政和法治的思想,可以规范行政主体的自由裁量权、保证相对人权益的最大化,而且能够降低行政成本,提高行政效率。随着比例原则的不断发展和在世界各国的广泛应用,其在我国行政法中也将起到重要的作用。     

商品房地下室权属法律问题研究

在人们住房空间极其紧张的情况下,《物权法》未对与商品房业主福祉关系密切的商品房地下室所有权做出明确判定,而人们对于物权的概念也存在一些误解,围绕其产生的许多纠纷也不断见诸报端。对商品房地下室中规划属于人防工程部分,一般认为属于国有,事实上,人防资产并不等同于国防资产,承认其非国有性并不影响其人防使用功能,简单地将其归为国有,不可避免地将置《人民防空国有资产管理规定》于违背宪法和立法法的尴尬境地,应根据谁投资,谁受益的原则确认其权利归属。其他部分地下室,依据地下室建设成本是否纳入销售价格,将其作为地下室权属判断标准,是使用经济学的观点来代替法律的推理,而将商品房地下室一概纳入商品房面积公摊范围是没有根据的,但对于已经纳入面积公摊范围的,应确认其业主共有权。     

无固定期限劳动合同“弊端”论之辨析及对策

《劳动合同法》和《劳动合同法实施条例》规定了诸多可以解除无固定期限劳动合同的情形,无固定期限劳动合同不是"铁饭碗";无固定期限劳动合同只是五种形式的合同之一,况且,《劳动合同法》还增加了企业解除合同和裁员的规定,不会导致用工机制僵化;所谓"人力资源成本的增加"实质上是一些违规企业承担了本来就应该承担的义务;《劳动合同法》向劳动者倾斜是实质公平的体现,但并不会因此不保护企业的利益,从长远看,企业和劳动者的利益是一致的。     

恐怖犯罪的犯罪经济学分析

犯罪经济学的理论认为,人的犯罪行为同其他行为一样。是在理性的指导下进行的,都是得失关系和效用理性选择的结果,恐怖犯罪的犯罪嫌疑人也是在综合分析该行为的成本收益之后才实施恐怖犯罪的。恐怖犯罪的成本包括：时间机会成本;惩罚成本;物质成本。恐怖犯罪收益是指从犯罪活动中所获得的利益,可以是精神的。也可以是物质的。在恐怖犯罪中,一般是为了获取经济收益以达到其政治目的。犯罪人之所以选择恐怖．其根本原因就是恐怖主义可以得到经济以及政治上的“暴利”。     

Effect of Choice of Measure on the Size of a Racial Disparity

In criminological studies of racial disparities the effect of race on outcomes is assessed after statistical controls for other variables. There is no universally accepted measure of size of disparity after controls in the most common type of disparity study: the study of binary outcomes. Some such studies use a measure that lends itself to interpretation in terms of the proportional reduction in error (PRE). Most use a non-PRE measure of association. This study investigates the effect of choice of measure on conclusions about the size of a disparity after controls. For illustrative purposes the study analyzes data on the awarding of sentence reductions to drug traffickers. After controls, blacks are found to be substantially less likely than whites to receive a reduction according to a type of non-PRE measure: an odds ratio derived from a logit model. But using the same data and model, PRE measures obtained from an ROC analysis indicate that, after controls, there is hardly any difference between the races in their likelihood of sentence reduction. Results illustrate the study's thesis: that the choice of measure can powerfully affect conclusions. The findings' implications—for policymakers and for researchers who conduct racial disparity studies—are discussed.     

The Economic Evaluation of Policing Activity: An Application of a Hybrid Methodology

This paper advances a hybrid police cost function that synthesises the proactive/preventive and response/reactive methodologies from the criminology literature. The model presents a coherent estimation process that can help in the allocation of scarce resources to police forces and also enable economists, government organisations and criminologists to assess the scale and technical efficiency of forces. This hybrid model uses response survey data for a sample of English and Welsh police forces in which relative efficiency rankings are contrasted with relative performance measures produced by the Audit Commission. We find that there are considerable divergences in police force's scale and technical efficiency during 1997/98 and 1998/99 utilising non-parametric techniques.