跨文化交际中的礼貌原则

Leech的礼貌原则弥补了合作原则的不足,它包括得体准则、慷慨准则、赞扬准则、谦逊准则、赞同准则和同情准则。但不同文化所衍生的礼貌原则有时其内涵、侧重点会大相径庭,因此,在具体应用时,既要遵守礼貌,又要按照中英的不同习惯来进行。清楚地了解礼貌原则在跨文化交际中的应用,可以避免一些语用失误,从而营造友好、和谐的交际气氛。     

Nazlı's photographic games: Said and art history in a contrapuntal mode

ABSTRACT

Through a focus on photographic portraits commissioned in the late nineteenth century by the Ottoman-Egyptian Princess Nazl? Han?m, Roberts analyses the ways they tested Ottoman and western conventions. An examination of Nazl?'s strategic engagement with photography in this period positions her within the often-separated domains of Egyptian nationalism, Ottoman political reform, western Orientalist art and a proto-feminist moment of Egyptian women's history. One of the striking things about the Nazl? portraits is their transgressive inventiveness. This is transgression as Edward Said defines it, with an emphasis on crossing boundaries, testing and challenging limits, and cutting across expectations. Nazl?'s inventiveness is apparent through her canny experimentation with the codes of portrait photography and the ways she deploys her portraits as tokens of exchange within her culture and with her European interlocutors. Roberts argues that Nazl? Han?m's use of photography operates in a contrapuntal mode in the Saidean sense of a simultaneity of voices that sound against, as well as with, each other. Over the last three decades Said's writings have provided a crucial methodological framework for the critique of western Orientalist visual culture. Recently art historians have repositioned this corpus of western imagery in relation to art by practitioners from the region and addressed cultural exchanges. Said's seminal text Orientalism has been pivotal within these debates. Yet it is not so much this landmark book, but rather Said's writings on music, in which we can find an alternative approach to cross-cultural exchange. By transposing this model into the domain of art history, Roberts engages with his notion of reading contrapuntally. Said was interested in the broader applicability of this term, although its potential as an interpretive model for the visual arts remains unexamined. Through this case study of Nazl? Han?m's photographs, Roberts reassesses the value of Said's writings on music for understanding nineteenth-century visual culture.     

Reported compliance in police-civilian encounters: The roles of accommodation and trust in Zimbabwe and the United States

Abstract

Recent research has demonstrated that, for young adults, officers’ accommodative practices are potent predictors of civilians’ attributed trust in the police, and their perceived likelihood of compliance with police requests. The present study continued this line of work in the African nation of Zimbabwe and in the United States. Besides differences between nations, results revealed that for US participants, officer accommodativeness indirectly predicted civilian compliance through trust. For those in Zimbabwe, however, only direct relationships were found – between officer accommodation and civilian trust, and between accommodation and compliance. The theoretical and practical significance of these are discussed.     

Applying the Verifiability Approach in an international airport setting

In the current study, we tested the utility of applying the Verifiability Approach (VA) within an international airport setting. The VA works on the notion that truth tellers provide more verifiable details than liars and has shown to be successful within other empirical deception detection scenarios. Three hundred and ninety-nine airside participants (those originating from Europe, Asia and African) were asked questions regarding their travel plans. We asked participants to either lie (n?=?195) or tell the truth (n?=?204) about their planned activities. The critical question required participants to provide information that would convince the investigator that they were telling the truth. We then transcribed and coded their responses for verifiable details; that is, details that could potentially be checked by an investigator. Overall, truth tellers provided significantly more verifiable details than liars. Furthermore, when taking their geographical origin into account, there was no interaction effect between veracity and region. Additionally, truth tellers provided a higher verifiable/total detail ratio than liars, which again showed no interaction effect between veracity and region. These findings support the suitability of the VA as a cross-cultural veracity tool and implications for its use as an additional security aid are discussed.     

学生跨文化交际能力的培养

外语教学的根本目标在于培养跨文化交际的人才,所以,让学生了解跨文化交际知识,跨越文化障碍,提高跨文化交际能力是十分重要的。并且,培养学生跨文化交际能力和增强他们跨文化意识的方法也是多样的。     

Bringing Soul to International Negotiation

In this article, the author calls for a shift in training for international commercial negotiation, away from the standard Western linear, rational, fact-oriented style toward training that makes room for "soul." As used here, the term "soul" combines several concepts that integrate learning on human cognition, cultural intelligence, and effectiveness in international management. The article discusses soul in terms of three components: emotion and subjectivity, deep narratives rooted in faith and ethnic traditions, and cultural intelligence. The article presents three negotiation scenarios from around the globe, contrasting first-generation training approaches to next-generation training approaches that would value the unconscious processes of decision making.     

伦敦奥运会开幕式编导的理论逻辑及启示

伦敦奥运会开幕式在编导上,坚持生活化的文化逻辑,精心选取充分反映当下民众集体生存境遇的英伦文化符号;运用音乐化的主题逻辑,撷取多种风格的本土音乐形式贯穿于"奇迹之岛"主题的诠释行程;遵循跨文化的传播逻辑,以故事化的叙事方式成功地演绎了"奇迹之岛"的主题,达成了"激励一代人"的口号目标,成功实现了跨文化的传播效果。     

Different crime types and moral reasoning development in young offenders compared with non-offender controls

Abstract

On empirical and theoretical grounds, it is argued that different patterns of moral reasoning development and moral values may characterise different types of offender. Male offenders in six youth correctional institutions in Taiwan and controls from one junior and two senior high schools participated in the study. Self-reported criminal histories were classified according to their characteristic offence type (Drug, Violent, or Theft). Overall moral reasoning development stage, as well as the five individual moral values, were significantly less mature in offenders than in controls despite the offenders’ mean age being higher. The moral value Life differentiated crime types since this was less mature in the violent offenders. Moral reasoning cognitive–developmental delay models were only of limited usefulness in differentiating offender types but were good at differentiating offenders from non-offenders. It is suggested that a more sophisticated understanding of the role of moral reasoning development in the study of crime is needed.     

试论英汉委婉语的构成及其文化寓意的差异

委婉语是人类语言使用过埕中的一种普遍现象。它是一种修辞格,更是一种文化现象。文章从语用学的角 度探讨了委婉语的构成方式及其语用功能,并进一步探讨了英汉委婉语各自所含的文化寓意的差异,从而加深对委 婉语产生根源的理解并通过对英汉委婉语的文化寓意对比,做到有意识地提高学习者跨文化交际能力。