创建学习型公安机关 全面提升队伍素质

党的十六大将“形成全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会”作为全面建设小康社会的一个重要目标 ,而创建学习型公安机关是创建学习型社会的重要组成部分 ,是时代的要求创建学习型公安机关必须立足现实 ,努力抓好五个方面的工作 ,使之服务于现实公安工作的需要 ,并以此为突破口来全面提升队伍素质 ,进一步解放和发展基层公安机关“生产力”。     

开设心理素质教育与训练课程的构想

司法警察院校的学生是未来的监狱、劳教人民警察,其素质的高低,特别是心理素质状况直接关系到日后的工作质量、执法水平。司法警察院校有必要开设“心理素质教育与训练”课程,并在教与学、学与训中不断完善其课程体系。     

继续开展执法质量评估考核活动推进全省公安机关严格公正文明执法

在全国公安机关开展“三项教育”活动 ,将严格公正文明执法作为重要内容之一 ,具有较强的针对性 ,意义深远。在总结1999年对全省县级公安机关执法质量评估考核工作经验的基础上 ,省厅及各地州市公安局又精心组织了对 2 0 0 0年全省 12 8个县 (市 )公安局执法质量进行评估考核活动 ,较客观地反映出各级公安机关的执法状况、存在的主要问题及原因 ,研究制定了对策 ,达到了预期目的。     

对"重典治乱"提高广州市打击刑事犯罪效率和质量的对策思路

当前影响我市打击犯罪质量与效率的因素是转型期社会经济发展和城市建设加快,各种诱发和产生犯罪的负面因素增多,打击犯罪的难度增大;法制工作各有关环节均存在不适应形势要求的情况,影响打击犯罪的力度;公安机关执法整体水平不高、治安控制整体实力不强."重典治乱"是当前社会治安形势的客观要求;提高打击犯罪效率与质量是其关键环节.当前的主要工作思路主动进攻,形成持续"严打"社会声威;快侦快破,提高打击破案时效;最大限度地把警力安排到街面,提高发现抓获现行犯罪的能力.     

Methods for Understanding and Analyzing NIBRS Data

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is an incident-basedcrime reporting program for local, state, and federal law enforcementagencies. Within each criminal incident, NIBRS captures information onoffenses, victims, offenders, property, and persons arrested, as well asinformation about the incident itself. The ability to link and analyze thisdetailed information is a significant improvement to the existing UniformCrime Reporting (UCR) summary reporting system. As one might expect,however, this increase in crime data significantly complicates the life ofthe data analyst, particularly when cross tabulating the NIBRS data. To dealwith the complexity of NIBRS data, one must understand its structure. Thisarticle provides an overview of the NIBRS structure and methods formaneuvering within it to present and interpret correctly cross tabulationsof the NIBRS data.     

Examining Space–Time Interaction in City-Level Homicide Data: Crack Markets and the Diffusion of Guns Among Youth

This paper examines the linkage between crack market activity and gunhomicide suggested by Blumstein (1995), who argues that the arrival ofcrack stimulated an increased availability of guns among juveniles. Thisgreater availability of guns, the argument continues, is responsible for thesharp upswing in juvenile homicide experienced in the United States in themid-1980s. Using city-level data on crack arrests and gun-related juvenilehomicide, we fit a change-point version of the Bass (1969) model ofinnovation diffusion. We find that, in most large American cities, thediffusion process for crack cocaine experienced an onset of dramatic growththat was followed by a similar, slightly slower growth in gun homicidescommitted by juveniles. We further use cluster analysis to find that thespatial patterning of the two processes is similar, starting on the East andWest Coasts and working their way toward other regions of the nation. Gunuse in homicide among slightly older offenders (ages 18–24) alsoexperienced a change at roughly the same time as the juveniles, but the rateof diffusion was considerably milder than for the younger group; offendersages 25 or older generally show no growth in gun-related homicide whatsoever. In addition, there is no detectable surge in juvenile nongun homicide activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that the crack cocaine markets–gun availability linkage is highly plausible, and we suggest directions for future research in clarifying the dynamics of the late-1980s surge in juvenile homicide.     

Opinion formation in foreign policy: the Swiss experience

Applying John Zaller's model of opinion formation to survey data covering 15 years (1981–95) of direct democracy in Switzerland, this paper provides a contribution to the debate about opinion formation in foreign policy. On the one hand, the Swiss experience contradicts the widespread view that citizens are poorly informed about and little interested in foreign affairs. On the other hand, direct democracy often translates into governmental defeats in this field. We address these mixed results and show that opinion formation in foreign policy is not a special case, and differs from that in domestic policy only with respect to the circumstances under which it occurs. In particular, we highlight the unusual type and level of conflict within the elite on foreign policy issues, which translates into distinct patterns of attitudes among the public.     

大数据时代日本个人信息保护法探究

个人信息本来是极其隐私的事物,在大数据时代却时刻处于"裸奔"状态,时刻面临被侵犯的风险。特别在新冠肺炎疫情防控中,大数据技术发挥了重要作用,个人信息保护再次引起关注。整体而言,日本个人信息保护法以"个人优先"与"公共优先"的宗旨博弈为出发点,以"个人信息"的概念界定为基础,以个人信息权的保护为核心,以个人信息保护机构的独立设置为落脚点,为个人信息的保护奠定了基础。我国应当积极行动起来,尽快颁布《个人信息保护法》,助力大数据时代个人信息保护和数字经济的发展。     

The Error in “Error Rate”: Why Error Rates Are So Needed,Yet So Elusive

Establishing error rates is crucial for knowing how well one is performing, determining whether improvement is needed, measuring whether interventions are effective, as well as for providing transparency. However, the flurry of activities in establishing error rates for the forensic sciences has largely overlooked some fundamental issues that make error rates a problematic construct and limit the ability to obtain a meaningful error rate. These include knowing the ground truth, establishing appropriate databases, determining what counts as an error, characterizing what is an acceptable error rate, ecological validity, and transparency within the adversarial legal system. Without addressing these practical and theoretical challenges, the very notion of a meaningful error rate is limited.     

走向自我成长型教师培养的高师素质教育

高师素质教育就是要培养在现代教育中具有反思性的不断自我成长的教师，这是对传统师范培养模式的扬弃。自我成长型教师能适应社会与教育的急剧变革，有自信，会反思，能与人沟通、合作，有责任心，具有坚韧不拔、不断超越自我的品质。自我成长型师范培养模式应包括建构性学习、支持性情境的学习以及开放性学习三种类型。这对于重塑师范精神、建构新型的高师教育、提升高师教育品质至关重要。