“Intuitive” Lie Detection of Children’s Deception by Law Enforcement Officials and University Students

Adults ability to detect childrens deception was examined. Police officers, customs officers, and university students attempted to differentiate between children who lied or told the truth about a transgression. When children were simply questioned about the event (Experiment 1), the adult groups could not distinguish between lie-tellers and truth-tellers. However, participants were more accurate when the children had participated in moral reasoning tasks (Experiment 2) or promised to tell the truth (Experiment 3) before being interviewed. Additional exposure to the children did not affect accuracy (Experiment 4). Customs officers were more certain about their judgments than other groups, but no more accurate. Overall, adults have a limited ability to identify childrens deception, regardless of their experience with lie detection.     

论侦查管辖的相对性及侦查协作的多样化

在犯罪的动态化成为常态的时候,侦查管辖的相对性就凸显出来。这种基于相对性认识的侦查思维应转化为多样化、多层次的侦查协作形式,并将之纳入法制化建设轨道,实现侦查与防范的有效结合。     

侦查突破口的选择

侦查突破口,是指侦查中容易查明案件事实、查明犯罪嫌疑人的环节或对象。侦查突破口往往选择刑事案件的特定之处、变化之处、细节之处、可疑之处、假象之处、反常之处和多余之处。     

国内外液态爆炸物安全检查技术和设备的发展

液态爆炸物具有制造简易、不易识别、威力巨大、易于引爆等特点,这些特点增加了液态爆炸物安全检查的难度。液态爆炸物的安全检查分为探测、防护和处置三个环节。针对探测环节,文章综述了国内外主要使用的液态爆炸物探测技术及其特点,介绍了有代表性的技术产品,探讨了液态爆炸物探测技术的发展趋势,最后,对我国液态爆炸物安全检查行业的技术发展提出了几点建议。     

论我国刑事侦查的公正与效率目标

刑事侦查作为刑事司法活动的重要组成部分,必然要追求公正与效率的目标.在新时期经济市场化、法制现代化进程背景下,追求公正与效率是新时期刑事侦查工作的主题,分析公正与效率目标在刑事侦查中的体现,应当加强侦查制度改革,实现公正与效率目标.     

猪肺炎霉形体膜蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

通过提取猪肺炎霉形体ATCC25095株膜蛋白,并用免疫亲和层析柱对膜蛋白进行纯化,经SDS-PAGE分析得到了分子质量分别为66、50、46、42、32和24 ku的6种膜蛋白。以纯化的膜蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测猪肺炎霉形体抗体的间接ELISA检测方法。结果显示,纯化的抗原具有更好的重复性和敏感性,对临床检测样品的检出率高于IDX ELISA试剂盒。     

Sensitive Method for the Confident Identification of Genetically Variant Peptides in Human Hair Keratin

Recent reports have demonstrated that genetically variant peptides derived from human hair shaft proteins can be used to differentiate individuals of different biogeographic origins. We report a method involving direct extraction of hair shaft proteins more sensitive than previously published methods regarding GVP detection. It involves one step for protein extraction and was found to provide reproducible results. A detailed proteomic analysis of this data is presented that led to the following four results: (i) A peptide spectral library was created and made available for download. It contains all identified peptides from this work, including GVPs that, when appropriately expanded with diverse hair-derived peptides, can provide a routine, reliable, and sensitive means of analyzing hair digests; (ii) an analysis of artifact peptides arising from side reactions is also made using a new method for finding unexpected modifications; (iii) detailed analysis of the gel-based method employed clearly shows the high degree of cross-linking or protein association involved in hair digestion, with major GVPs eluting over a wide range of high molecular weights while others apparently arise from distinct non-cross-linked proteins; and (v) finally, we show that some of the specific GVP identifications depend on the sample preparation method.     

Characterization of Algerian-Seized Hashish Over Eight Years (2011–2018). Part II: Chemical Categorization

In Algeria, large quantities of hashish are seized every year. This study aimed to investigate the total content of major cannabinoids in the illicit seized hashish in Algeria over an 8-year period (2011–2018) in order to establish the chemical profile of North African hashish. A total of 3265 hashish samples were analyzed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method, allowing the simultaneous quantification of both the acidic and the neutral forms of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN). The results revealed a slight upward trend in the mean THC content, from 7.0% in 2011 to 9.4% in 2018, with an overall mean value of 8.4%. The overall means of CBD and CBN content were 3.5% and 0.8%, respectively. The number of high-potency hashish samples gradually increased to reach 6% in 2018. Two distinct hashish chemotypes were identified: the highly populated chemotype II, corresponding to the traditional medium-potency hashish ([THC + CBN]/CBD ~ 2.16), and chemotype I, containing hashish samples of relatively high THC levels and low levels of CBD (ratio ~ 4.90). Both chemotypes I and II were characterized in the ternary plot, and the proportions (THC:CBD:CBN) were about 85%:13%:2% and 60%:35%:5%, respectively.     

Evaluation of the Simultaneous Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Gunshot Residues Within a Large Population Data Set Using Electrochemical Sensors*,†

The increasing demand for rapid methods to identify both inorganic and organic gunshot residues (IGSR and OGSR) makes electrochemical methods, an attractive screening tool to modernize current practice. Our research group has previously demonstrated that electrochemical screening of GSR samples delivers a simple, inexpensive, and sensitive analytical solution that is capable of detecting IGSR and OGSR in less than 10 min per sample. In this study, we expand our previous work by increasing the number of GSR markers and applying machine learning classifiers to the interpretation of a larger population data set. Utilizing bare screen-printed carbon electrodes, the detection and resolution of seven markers (IGSR; lead, antimony, and copper, and OGSR; nitroglycerin, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, and ethyl centralite) was achieved with limits of detection (LODs) below 1 µg/mL. A large population data set was obtained from 395 authentic shooter samples and 350 background samples. Various statistical methods and machine learning algorithms, including critical thresholds (CT), naïve Bayes (NB), logistic regression (LR), and neural networks (NN), were utilized to calculate the performance and error rates. Neural networks proved to be the best predictor when assessing the dichotomous question of detection of GSR on the hands of shooter versus nonshooter groups. Accuracies for the studied population were 81.8 % (CT), 88.1% (NB), 94.7% (LR), and 95.4% (NN), respectively. The ability to detect both IGSR and OGSR simultaneously provides a selective testing platform for gunshot residues that can provide a powerful field-testing technique and assist with decisions in case management.     

湖南省经侦工作调查与思考

湖南省经济侦查总队组建以来,切实履行职责,取得了明显的成效,经侦工作逐步走上规范化、法制化、专业化的轨道,但经侦工作在观念、体制、管理以及队伍建设等方面仍存在不少的问题。解决这些问题,需要进一步改进和加强经侦工作。