Developmental validation of a novel lateral flow strip test for rapid identification of human blood (Rapid Stain Identification™-Blood)

Human blood is the body fluid most commonly encountered at crime scenes, and blood detection may aid investigators in reconstructing what occurred during a crime. In addition, blood detection can help determine which items of evidence should be processed for DNA-STR testing. Unfortunately, many common substances can cause red-brown stains that resemble blood. Furthermore, many current human blood detection methods are presumptive and prone to false positive results. Here, the developmental validation of a new blood identification test, Rapid Stain Identification™-Blood (RSID™-Blood), is described. RSID™-Blood utilizes two anti-glycophorin A (red blood cell membrane specific protein) monoclonal antibodies in a lateral flow strip test format to detect human blood. We present evidence demonstrating that this test is accurate, reproducible, easy to use, and highly specific for human blood. Importantly, RSID™-Blood does not cross-react with ferret, skunk, or primate blood and exhibits no high-dose hook effect. Also, we describe studies on the sensitivity, body fluid specificity, and species specificity of RSID™-Blood. In addition, we show that the test can detect blood from a variety of forensic exhibits prior to processing for DNA-STR analysis. In conclusion, we suggest that RSID™-Blood is effective and useful for the detection of human blood on forensic exhibits, and offers improved blood detection when compared to other currently used methods.     

决策学在个案侦查活动中的应用

决策在管理学中地位非常重要,以至于有管理即是决策之说。侦查过程中充满了决策活动。打击犯罪活动的总体策略和个案侦查的具体决策具有不同的特点。个案侦查决策的特点决定了其独有的决策方法。     

数据挖掘在交通肇事逃逸案中的应用

目的阐述数据挖掘的概念及在交通肇事逃逸案件侦破中的应用。方法利用粗糙集等数据挖掘的算法 ,从中发现事先未知、但又是潜在有用的信息。结果将这一方法运用到具有共性问题的刑事案件侦破领域 ,可以对该类案件发生的规律、模式进行比较系统的描述和较好的预测。结论为公安机关迅速侦破案件提出高效的、实用的决策支持。     

反测试的手段及应对策略探析

在多导仪测试中出现的“反测试”会干扰测试人员对图谱的分析，本文通过分析对抗型和功利型两类反测试者，发现其反测试的方式主要是通过抑制相关问题（靶问题）的反应或增强对准绳问题（背景）的反应来实施，最常用的手段是体能性反测试和精神性反测试。针对其反测试的方式和手段，制定相关的应对策略。     

浅析ATM犯罪及其侦防对策

ATM犯罪迅速蔓延，手法多样且呈智能化、隐蔽性，破案率一直比较低。侦破ATM案件必须做到：完善立案机制；选择合适的突破口，分别从ATM或银行卡着手，展开侦查；灵活运用侦查策略，及时控制、缉捕犯罪嫌疑人。同时，应加大银行监管力度，明确银行责任；提高ATM科技含量，增强公众风险意识，切实减少ATM犯罪。     

血液中乙醇检测结果的法医学分析

目的对交通事故中血液中乙醇检测结果进行法医学分析。方法从检测方法、血液采集方法、采集时间、血液保存、尸体腐败、饮酒量与血液中乙醇质量浓度关系等方面进行血液中乙醇检测结果的法医学分析。结果检测方法、血液采集方法、采集时间、血液保存、尸体腐败等因素直接影响血液中乙醇检测结果。结论为保证交通执法的公正性，对血液中乙醇检测结果应当作法医学分析。     

论侦破贿赂犯罪之有效对策

贿赂犯罪侦破难度大,不采用一定的策略、方法,很难实现打击的目的。笔者结合工作实际,针对当前贿赂犯罪的特点,从八个方面谈侦破这类犯罪的有效对策。     

论主动型侦查

为了对付新的犯罪情况而出现的主动型侦查──监控型侦查和诱导型侦查 ,在刑事侦查实践中有日益扩大应用的趋势。由于侦查权的特殊性和犯罪情况的新变化 ,主动型侦查有存在的必要。立法机关应当从适用的案件范围、适用的实质要件、适用的对象范围等方面对主动型侦查的合法性标准作出明确规制。     

The distinction between discriminability and reliability in forensic science

Forensic science plays an increasingly important role in the criminal justice system; yet, many forensic procedures have not been subject to the empirical scrutiny that is expected in other scientific disciplines. Over the past two decades, the scientific community has done well to bridge the gap, but have likely only scratched the tip of the iceberg. We offer the discriminability-reliability distinction as a critical framework to guide future research on diagnostic-testing procedures in the forensic science domain. We argue that the primary concern of the scientist ought to be maximizing discriminability and that the primary concern of the criminal justice system ought to be assessing the reliability of evidence. We argue that Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis is uniquely equipped for determining which of two procedures or conditions has better discriminability and we also demonstrate how estimates of reliability can be extracted from this Signal Detection framework.     

基于上转换发光技术的尿液中吗啡及甲基苯丙胺快速定量检测方法研究

目的利用上转换发光免疫层析技术(UPT-LF)建立一种尿液中吗啡(MOP)及甲基苯丙胺(MET)快速定量检测方法并对其进行系统评价。方法以上转换发光纳米颗粒(UCP-NPs)作为生物示踪物,竞争模式免疫层析作为检测平台,建立可对尿液中MOP及MET进行定量检测的UPT-LF,即MOP-UPT-LF、MET-UPT-LF。以MOP-UPT-LF为代表,评价UPT-LF对痕量毒品检测极限,通过系列浓度标准品测定,评价定量检测能力。根据常规检测阈值,调整MOP-UPT-LF及MET-UPT-LF检测敏感性及线性范围,并评价其定量检测能力。以LC-MS、GC-MS分别作为MOP、MET检测的金标准,以胶体金免疫层析作为对照,对执法现场收集尿样进行检测,确定UPT-LF定性检测性能。对系列浓度MOP模拟阳性样本同时进行LC-MS及MOP-UPT-LF定量检测,对系列浓度MET模拟阳性样本同时进行GC-MS及MET-UPT-LF定量检测,评价UPT-LF定量检测性能。结果在痕量检测条件下,MOP-UPT-LF敏感性可达1ng/m L,线性范围为1~5000ng/m L(r=-0.98172,P<0.0005)。在常规检测条件下,MOP-UPT-LF敏感性为50ng/m L,线性范围调整为50~3000ng/m L(r=-0.98464,P<0.0005);MET-UPT-LF敏感性为100ng/m L,线性范围为100~5000ng/m L(r=-0.99964,P<0.0005)。就定性检测而言,MOP-UPT-LF及MET-UPT-LF均较优,灵敏度及特异度均为100%,与胶体金结果一致。就定量检测而言MOP-UPT-LF及MET-UPT-LF与定量确证方法LC-MS及GC-MS无显著差异。结论本研究建立MOP-UPT-LF、MET-UPT-LF方法,在满足快筛试剂快速简便的基础上,进一步实现了现场快速定量检测,为尿液中毒品的现场快速定量检测提供了技术保障。