论我国刑事证据规则的完善

证据规则是指确认证据的范围,调整和约束证明行为的法律规范的总称,是收集证据、采用证据、核实证据、运用证据时所必须遵循的准则。在诉讼活动中,证据规则可以规范诉讼各方的取证和举证行为。在根据证据认定事实时,证剧规则可以限制对证据的自由取舍。在我国刑事诉讼制度中,证据规则贫乏、内容粗糙,相关证据规范没能形成完整的证据制度体系。虽然,近年通过司法解释的方式补充规定了一些证据规则,但远不能满足司法实践的需要。因此,我们应该在充分考虑我国国情的基础上,借鉴外国立法经验,建立健全我国的刑事证据的取证、采证、查证、定案规则。     

欠发达地区新农村建设与农村公共产品供给

农村公共产品的供给对欠发达地区新农村建设意义重大,而现阶段欠发达地区农村公共产品供给却存在着供给观念滞后、供给主体单一、城乡之间供给的不公平性以及监督管理体制的缺失等突出问题。如何解决这些问题,主要应从转变观念、引入市场机制和社会力量、建立城乡一体化的公共产品供给体系、创新农村行政管理制度等方面入手,以此推动欠发达地区新农村建设的进程。     

Safe Labour Suburbia? The Changing Politics of the Merseyside Suburbs

Over the past twenty‐five years, safe Conservative seats in the affluent Merseyside suburbs have instead become safe Labour seats. This remarkable political transition poses an important puzzle for students of voting behaviour. Analysis of voting patterns since 1979 underlines the exceptional scale of the shift to Labour on Merseyside compared with other metropolitan areas. Yet, substantial swings to Labour in suburban constituencies like Sefton Central and Wirral South in 2015 and 2017 cannot be explained with reference to wider evidence of the party's increased support among younger, more diverse, cosmopolitan populations. It is shown that Labour dominance on Merseyside has occurred via three distinct phases, with the political map of the city‐region turning red, over time, from the core outwards. Explanations rooted in the changing relationship between the city and its suburbs are argued to best explain the emergence of Merseyside as a ‘red conurbation’.     

Regional inequality and institutional trust in Europe

Inequality is a central explanation of political distrust in democracies, but has so far rarely been considered a cause of (dis-)trust towards supranational governance. Moreover, while political scientists have extensively engaged with income inequality, other salient forms of inequality, such as the regional wealth distribution, have been sidelined. These issues point to a more general shortcoming in the literature. Determinants of trust in national and European institutions are often theorized independently, even though empirical studies have demonstrated large interdependence in citizens’ evaluations of national and supranational governance levels. In this paper, we argue that inequality has two salient dimensions: (1) income inequality and (2) regional inequality. Both dimensions are important antecedent causes of European Union (EU) trust, the effects of which are mediated by evaluations of national institutions. On the micro-level, we suggest that inequality decreases a person's trust in national institutions and thereby diminishes the positive effect of national trust on EU trust. On the macro-level, inequality decreases country averages of trust in national institutions. This, however, informs an individual's trust in the EU positively, compensating for the seemingly untrustworthiness of national institutions. Finally, we propose that residing in an economically declining region can depress institutional trust. We find empirical support for our arguments by analysing regional temporal change over four waves of the European Social Survey 2010–2016 with a sample of 209 regions nested in 24 EU member states. We show that changes in a member state's regional inequality have similarly strong effects on trust as changes in the Gini coefficient of income inequality. Applying causal mediation techniques, we can show that the effects of inequality on EU trust are largely mediated through citizens’ evaluations of national institutions. In contrast, residing in an economically declining region directly depresses EU trust, with economically lagging areas turning their back on European governance and resorting to the national level instead. Our findings highlight the relevance of regional inequality for refining our understanding of citizens’ support for Europe's multi-level governance system and the advantages of causal modelling for the analysis of political preferences in a multi-level governance system.     

黑社会性质组织犯罪认定若干问题浅析

“打黑除恶”专项斗争开展以来,各级执法部门惩治了一批涉黑案件,也有部分案件因取证、举证、认证各环节的认识差异导致久拖不决,或者轻罪重判、重罪轻罚,笔者对甘肃省境内的涉黑案件进行了跟踪调研,本文试从实践执法的角度对侦查机关如何合理取证、检法两家如何认证的问题作以粗浅探讨。     

从规范结构和语言看我国民族法律的运行——以我国涉环境保护的民族法律纵向维度为样本

法律实施是法律运行的关键一环,法律具备或良好抑或较差的可操作性是法律目的实现的关键。民族自治地方具有民族立法权,这些地区在宪法、民族区域自治法的指导下可以制定自治条例和单行条例,这些条文的运行状态是否良好直接关系到我国民族区域自治制度的落实质量。本文以我国涉环境保护的民族法律纵向维度为样本,以法律语言学、法律逻辑结构为视角,考察我国民族法律规范的现实可操作性。     

Mitochondrial DNA control region polymorphism in the population of Alagoas state, north-eastern Brazil

The sequences of the two hypervariable (HV) segments of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were determined in 167 randomly selected, unrelated individuals living in the state of Alagoas, north-eastern Brazil. One hundred and forty-five different haplotypes, associated with 139 variable positions, were determined. More than 95% of the mtDNA sequences could be allocated to specific mtDNA haplogroups according to the mutational motifs. Length heteroplasmy in the C-stretch HV1 and HV2 regions was observed in 22 and 11%, respectively, of the population sample. The genetic diversity was estimated to be 0.9975 and the probability of two random individuals presenting identical mtDNA haplotypes was 0.0084. The most frequent haplotype was shared by six individuals. All sequences showed high-quality values and phantom mutations were not detected. The diversity revealed in the mitochondrial control region indicates the importance of this locus for forensic casework and population studies within Alagoas, Brazil.     

大型商业银行支持欠发达地区农业产业化分析——甘肃定西、临夏农业银行的典型调查

金融服务是我国支持欠发达地区农业产业化的重要因素。本报告以甘肃定西和临夏农业银行为典型调查对象,分析了欠发达地区大型商业银行服务农业产业化的新模式。调研表明,欠发达地区农业产业化金融服务必须因地制宜,坚持金融创新和风险防控并重。同时,也需要一个良好的金融环境,适时建立“三农”金融服务的补偿机制,实现农村金融服务的可持续发展。     

Building bridges over troubled waters: Administrative change at the regional level in European,multilevel water management

The European Commission is promoting more decentralized forms of multilevel administration, without having its own administrative capacity on the ground. This article examines the role of ground-level administration in this multilevel system, by analysing why and how administrative change at sub-national levels comes about in connection with the implementation of European Union (EU) legislation. Despite their similar unitary state systems, Sweden and Norway have implemented the administrative requirements of the Water Framework Directive differently. While Sweden has delegated decision-making authority to novel regional-level bodies, triggering frictions in the hierarchical structure of government, Norway established networked, interdependent structures. Enquiring into the causes, the study finds that complementary use of instrumental, power-oriented and historical institutionalism shed light on the conditions under which European multilevel administration develops. In complex political-administrative systems, domestic legacies and time-specific events provide ‘turfs’ for Europeanization-processes shaping domestic administrative systems from within.     

证明标准再探--最高人民法院证据规则第73条质疑

最高人民法院证据规则的颁行,拉开了民事诉讼立法的序幕,似乎成为我们民事诉讼法制化进程中的一个里程碑.但是,从另一方面来看,该规则却显露了我们在民事诉讼立法方面的重大缺漏.因而,试图借助证明标准,以小见大,透视我国民事诉讼立法中隐藏的、同时又是我们所熟视无睹的疾患,旨在提出一种重新解释第73条的思路,希望对我国民事立法和司法都有所助益.