Re-conceptualizing State Responsibility: Human Security Protection, Confl icts and Governance

Different from the perspective of traditional national security, human security is an essential component of non-traditional security. Human security is influenced by multi-dimensional factors. Human security will be threatened if one or more of these dimensional factors get twisted. Such threats, once accumulated to a certain level, may trigger a confl ict. While some factors may have a low correlation with confl ict, some other factors may have a multiplying effect in triggering the confl ict. Further, confl ict may be triggered by a single factor or multiple factors. Poor governance may lead to escalation of confl icts. Deep understanding of triggering effects and their correlation with confl icts is essential to addressing the root causes and the management of conflicts effectively. Concepts of human security, state responsibility of protection and neo-interventionism have been developed in succession. Though the people-centered security framework draws global attention, it should be recognized that there is no international consensus on an optimal type of governance. However, according to the Charter of the United Nations, the primary responsibilities of human security protection should be rested on the government of a state. The principle of sovereignty remains the fundamental principle of international relations, which should be the guiding principle for addressing human security issues.     

Managing Power Transitions: Towards a 21st Century Concert of Powers

Power shifts and especially power transitions in the international system are often associated with (military) confl ict. Power Transition Theory (PTT) does offer an analysis of this phenomenon but no remedy. We suggest easing the tensions related to ongoing worldwide power shifts by introducing a new informal multilateral security governance institution, based on the idea of a concert of powers. The historical European Concert of the 19th century prevented the outbreak of great power wars for more than a generation by providing a cooperation framework, based on shared norms and common procedures. In this article we explore the possibility of utilizing a modernized concert of powers as a framework for managing the coming power shifts. In order to do so, we introduce two new elements in Power Transition Theory: (1) the importance of the (dis) satisfaction of the declining hegemon with the anticipated future order, and (2) a broader multilateral framework of major powers that overcomes the Power Transition Theory’s traditional bilateral “duel” situation. On this basis, institutionalized power transition management becomes possible. We then work out the norms, strengths and weaknesses of the historical concert and update it with a few new features that would be necessary for it to be successful in the 21st century.     

中国非传统安全研究40年(1978-2017)：脉络、意义与图景

中国的非传统安全研究已成一门“显学”，且对相关研究、安全现实与安全政策产生了极大影响。中国40年(1978-2017年)的非传统安全研究整体上历经了酝酿与显现、阐释与呼吁、反思与深化、建构与拓展的过程；研究内容丰富且不断出新，逐步形成了较为稳定的研究类型；与国家决策的关系呈现“被忽视——边缘性——中心圈”的发展轨迹；研究驱动包括学理驱动、技术驱动、事件驱动、政策驱动和环境驱动；形成了涵盖组织机构、学生培养、知识传播、政策咨询和学术网络的制度化研究态势。在学术上具备了学派与学科的自觉，推动了安全思想的“范式转型”与“安全文明”的重塑，在政策上牵引着安全治理实践更加综合化与国际化。然而，中国非传统安全研究的理论体系还未形成，专业性、科学性、国际性不足，未来非传统安全研究需要在全球安全的研究格局、元问题与分析框架、理论体系与学派自觉、方法论与量化研究、议题深究与国际对话上有新的持续推进。     

网络安全的战略选择

随着网络空间的迅速扩张及其对社会各领域的全面渗透,网络空间不断增长的财富、战略价值以及世界经济社会运行对网络空间的深度依赖,使网络空间整体安全问题的重要性日益凸显,网络安全已成为国际社会面临的又一全球性公共问题。网络安全问题虽然属于国家安全范畴内的非传统安全领域,但国家对于安全的偏好没有改变,对安全追求的逻辑路径依旧。从理论的角度看,由于体系压力以及国家对于安全的追求,国家会选择制衡的战略,但在现实中,制衡经常缺位或迟到。受到非传统安全环境影响,地缘战略中分而治之、领土补偿、加强军备、联盟以及平衡手的存在等制衡方式和作用、意义同时发生了变化。细分到网络安全领域,沟通机制的不同、威慑效果不同、行为体的多样、行为判断的困难等特殊性,导致在网络安全领域,国家选择追随或合作将成为更优选择。     

从婚姻历程看中国传统社会中家庭男权的复杂性

本文考察了1949年建国前中国男权家庭中,父权与夫权的交织作用对夫妇权力关系的影响。其基本方法是跳出性别分析方法的局限,将家庭男权制度置于父系继嗣的体系中去研究,从而揭示已婚妇女在代际和夫妻权力关系方面错综复杂、起伏跌宕的婚姻历程。研究发现,在大家庭里,当父权起主导作用时,年轻夫妻均无权力,婆婆受父权的保护,受父权压迫最大的是家中儿媳。在"反哺"阶段,夫权往往用来保证男方的父母老有所养,而非完全满足男方的私利。夫妻之间,妻子通过生育子嗣和参与家庭事务逐步纳入父系体系,增强了丈夫对她们维系父系家庭的依赖性,在一定程度上抑制了夫权对她们的约束。本文展示了至少在中国部分的父系继嗣家庭中,当夫权遇到父权时,性别与代际权力出现多重性,易变性和内争性,从而造成夫权时强时弱,时有时无,既同父权遥相呼应,又与其发生冲突。因此,中国传统男权家庭中妇女的地位在一生中是变动不定的。中国妇女在父系家庭中的地位也只有放置于纵(父权)横(夫权)两个轴心当中,通观她们的全部生活历史才能完全展示出来。     

转型期舆论引导的现实诉求及所面临的挑战

转型期舆论引导必须具备相当的公信力、精准力、传播力、表现力、接受力和契合力。面对日益复杂的社会变化,舆论引导工作需在舆情把握、舆论关注、舆论利用等方面缩小差距,确保社会健康发展。     

坚持根本遵循 着力做好新形势下的群众工作

充分认识做好新形势下群众工作的重要意义,正确认识党的群众工作的本质,正确处理好人民内部矛盾,继续坚持群众观点和群众立场,不断探索做好群众工作的方式方法,努力推动科学发展,促进社会和谐,是新形势下做好群众工作的必然要求。     

关于农民工生活和工作状况的调查报告

围绕农民工的基本状况、工作状况、权利保障情况、社会地位的自我感知和家庭生活状况设计了相关问题,期望获得一些有关农民工的更接近真实的信息,为城乡二元体制的改革提出思考.     

Strategic or Principled? The Engagement of Civil Society Organizations with the EU

This article links the literature on the Europeanization of civil society organizations (CSOs) with the literature on the contribution CSOs can make to democracy in the EU. To do so, it asks which are the pull factors that support CSOs’ Europeanization: are they mostly strategic and linked to where law-making and the money are? Or are they likewise linked to a desire to contribute to EU democracy? To explore this question, the article looks at agricultural, environmental and anti-poverty groups and combines fresh qualitative with quantitative data. The findings suggest that we need to distinguish strategic Europeanization, on the one hand, from the identification with supranational democracy, on the other. They also show that the most Europeanized organizations need not be the most interested in EU democracy, whereas organizations with a comparatively low degree of Europeanization can still be interested in EU democracy.     

商业贿赂犯罪的动态特征与发展趋势

近年来，随着我国市场经济不断发展，发生在商品流通和服务行业等领域的商业贿赂行为并未得到切实有效地根治，作为一种具有动态意义的新型经济犯罪活动，其触角逐步伸入其他行业和领域，并呈现出一系列新的特点和发展态势。其动态变化特征主要有：犯罪形式多样，犯罪手段隐蔽，侦查难度加大；行业特点明显，发案部门集中，窝案串案突出；案件数目上升，涉案金额加大，大要案比例高；职务犯罪突出，主体特征明显，顶风作案严重。其发展趋势表现为：犯罪领域扩展，防控精度下降；作案手法翻新，查处难度加大；组织程度提高，期货特征明显；社会影响恶劣，危害程度加剧。各地应根据本地商贿犯罪现实情形与发展态势，建立健全惩防商贿犯罪的长效机制。