Against Localism: Does Decentralising Power to Communities Fail Minorities?

The continued decline in levels of political engagement among British citizens has led many politicians, commentators and academics from across the political spectrum to advocate a move toward a more direct form of democracy via some kind of localism. The claim is that citizens feel increasingly estranged from the democratic process, and from those organisations on which they have historically relied to represent them within the political system. Consequently, localists argue, there now exists a gap between the people, the institutions which are supposed to work on their behalf, and the decisions made in their name, so the system needs to be reformed in such a way as to give individuals and local communities more of a direct input into the decision-making process. Calls for a more direct form of democracy via localism are popular among members of the progressive left and the 'new Conservative' right, and have become so dominant in political discourse that it is often suggested that 'we are all localists now'. This article raises questions about the localist agenda, and suggests that the adoption of a more direct form of democracy in Britain may not only fail to address the decline in political engagement, but may also result in the exclusion, marginalisation, and oppression of minority groups.     

日俄国家主义的形态特征及相互关系辨析

日本与俄罗斯,无论在地区还是在全球政治中,都是扮演重要角色的国家。在历史与现实中,两国的国家主义传统既有相似性,又有差异性。两国的国家主义对近代以来各自的历史都产生了重要影响,并且对地区和全球政治格局的构造与变迁发挥过不可忽视的作用。两国的国家主义在历史上既有冲突又有合作,在现实中既有竞争又有协调。作为邻国,日俄两国国家主义的取向和属性,无疑会对中国对日、对俄战略产生基础性影响,它会制约中日关系和中俄关系战略定位的层级。     

女大学生就业性别歧视现象分析及解决策略

女大学生就业性别歧视现象广泛存在,并对诸多方面都产生了消极影响。女大学生就业性别歧视的根源在于用人单位节约成本和提高效益的需求与女大学生满足这种需求的能力相对较弱之间的矛盾,也与传统性别文化观念的影响以及法律保障不力等息息相关。国家应采用经济调节手段消除二者之间的矛盾,同时广泛宣传马克思主义妇女观,强化男女平等意识,并完善相应的法律法规。     

论消除就业歧视的法律保障

就业是民生之本和安国之策,在一个法治社会,以健全的法制表达民生立场,是必需的选择;消除就业歧视是促进就业的应有含义,通过法律制度消除就业歧视是促进就业的必经之路。本文旨在通过比较、借鉴发达国家先进的立法经验,完善我国相关法律制度,从而促进和保障就业工作的顺利进行。     

关于性骚扰立法的几点思考--兼评《妇女权益保障法》相关条款

本文就中国性骚扰立法提出浅见。首先须准确界定性骚扰的概念,将公众场所性骚扰、女性对男性性骚扰、同性间性骚扰和非受雇性骚扰纳入性骚扰范畴;其次坚持以反性别歧视法为主的立法路径,明确雇主责任;最后应综合运用公法和私法手段,形成反性骚扰的法律体系。     

女大学生就业过程中的性别歧视研究

主流话语虽然关注女大学生的被歧视状况,但女大学生自己发出声音的却很少。本文通过对女大学生群体进行访谈发现,性别歧视在女大学生的求职过程中是一种弥散的、无所不在的状态,而女大学生常常不会以积极的态度应对性别歧视、重建自我,而多以沉默接受歧视,其重建的自我是“第二性”的。改变这种状况,需要加强女大学生求职过程中的社会支持网络的建立,同时,细化法律条文,使法律具有可操作性,让歧视者为其行为付出代价。     

国际社会视角中的美国死刑问题评析

在西方发达国家中,美国是除日本外唯一保留死刑的国家,其死刑政策受到了其他西方发达国家、国际人权组织和社会进步团体的强烈抨击。本文以国际社会为视角,揭示了美国死刑制度中存在的对未成年人和精神智障者适用死刑、人种歧视、忽视被逮捕的外国人应当享有的权利几方面的问题,以及这些问题产生的原因和本质。     

"坦白从宽"否定论辨析

“坦白从宽”作为鼓励犯罪人供述的机制,与有罪推定没有关系,在某种意义上还有助于减少刑讯逼供,更是沉默权国家的司法配套机制。“坦白从宽”对提高诉讼效率的积极意义不容忽视。我国将来顺应国际诉讼潮流逐步引进沉默权制度,必须以进一步完善鼓励供述的“坦白从宽”制度为前提。     

多元文化政策下的阴影——试析澳大利亚的反种族歧视

澳大利亚政府自二十世纪七十年代以来 ,逐步废除了白澳政策 ,推行多元文化政策。但二十年来 ,白澳政策阴魂不散 ,不时爆发种族主义事件和言论 ,华人和其他亚裔人深爱其害。另一方面 ,澳大利亚的种族主义也受到本国主流社会、亚洲国家和华侨华人的批评和反对。本文试就对种族主义的表现、发生的原因以及各方面的态度和反应作进一步的探讨。     

Racism and sexism at work

Both racism and sexism have had the effect of handicapping selected groups in terms of salary and access to jobs, promotions, and power. However, the categories of race and gender, and the experience of racism and sexism, differ in many ways. This article reviews the differences resulting from definitions of race and gender, as well as those differences stemming from historical, legal, and demographic factors. In particular, we focused on the interactive effects of racism and sexism in the experience of women of color. We examine the assumption that affirmative action operates equivalently for all racial and gender groups, and suggest some directions for further research.