Good governance and differentiated integration: Graded membership in the European Union

The study of European integration has traditionally focused on organisational growth: the deepening and widening of the European Union (EU). By contrast, this article analyses organisational differentiation, a process in which states refuse, or are being refused, full integration but find value in establishing in‐between grades of membership. It describes how the EU's system of graded membership has developed, and it explains the positioning of states in this system. The core countries of the EU set a standard of ‘good governance’. The closer European countries are to this standard, the closer their membership grade is to the core. Some countries fall short of this standard and are refused further integration by the core: their membership grade increases with better governance. Other countries refuse further integration because they outperform the standards of the core countries: their membership grade decreases as governance improves. These conjectures are corroborated in a panel analysis of European countries.     

日本家庭牧场农牧业纵横一体化规模经营启示

目前家庭养殖业面临成本高、风险大、产品质量要求高,以及污染物处理难等问题。所以,需要创新养殖业规模化经营模式。文章通过对日本北海道家庭牧场经营模式的调查分析,得出结论为:农牧业纵横一体化是家庭牧场经营的一种有效而理想的模式,该模式横向一体化是指以饲料饲草和肥料为纽带的种养业结合经营,纵向一体化是家庭牧场与加工企业、服务组织等联结的模式。并提出对策建议:引导农牧业经营主体采用横向一体化经营模式;鼓励农牧业经营主体采用纵向一体化经营模式;完善农牧业纵横一体化经营机制。     

European Law Beyond ‘Ever Closer Union’ Repositioning the Concept,its Thrust and the ECJ's Comparative Methodology

The article investigates competing understandings of European law. It supports, against the prevailing EU‐centred understanding, an ecumenical concept that embraces EU law, supplementing international instruments, the European Convention on Human Rights and, importantly, various domestic laws enacting or responding to such transnational law, as well as European comparative law. To keep the concept in sync with European politics, it posits a new idea that binds the parts together: to provide for a European legal space rather than further European integration (the ever closer union). This idea can also serve as European law's functional equivalent to forming one legal order. European law thus conceived grasps the puzzling complex of interdependent legal orders, sets a common frame for corresponding reconstructions (European composite constructions, legal pluralism, network theories, federalism or intergovernmentalism) and allows forces with diverging outlooks to meet in one legal field, on one more neutral disciplinary platform. Within this framework, European comparative law finds a new mission as well as a sound legal basis.     

信息技术与课程整合的现实困境与实践探索——基于高职英语教师的视角

当前,我国教育进入了教育信息化发展的新时期。教育信息化的重心转向以课程改革为导向,教师的信息化教学设计培训为核心,推进课程与信息技术整合的深入发展。高职公共英语课程的信息化教学设计过程,是提高高职院校公共英语课程教学效果的有效途径,也对各级公共英语的教学设计起到示范和参考作用。     

论武术发展中的民族性与世界性

民族性是中国武术产生和发展的根基,世界性是武术发展的历史必然。武术作为一种文化事物,惟有将民族性和世界性高度融合,才是中国武术发展进程中的理性选择,发扬光大的有效途径。     

高校扩建后多元体育课程教学模式的构建

充分利用高校新校区的体育场馆和场地的资源,在多元体育教学思想和教学目标的指导下,结合学校的实际情况,把体育课程从课内向课外延伸、校内向校外拓展,形成课内外一体化、校内外相结合的多元体育课程教学模式。以便更好地培养学生对体育的兴趣与终身体育的意识和习惯,使其成为具备运动参与、运动技能、身体健康、心理健康和社会适应的高素质人才。     

论执政党的社会整合

社会整合是执政党的重要功能。应对社会矛盾、加强社会管理、增强社会协同、健全利益表达和协调机制。是社会整合的重要内容。当前,社会矛盾呈现出利益性、群体性、复杂性等特点,社会矛盾的新变化客观要求执政党要建立党委领导,政府负责,社会协同,公众参与的社会管理格局。完善这一新格局,需要建立健全社会利益表达、社会利益协调、社会观念引导等机制。     

重视信息化大力推进信息化与工业化融合

胡锦涛同志在党的十七大报告中指出：“要全面认识工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展的新形势新任务”,“大力推进信息化与工业化融合”。这是中国实现又好又快发展的重大战略任务。这就要求我们在新时期新阶段,认真总结十六大以来“以信息化带动工业化,以工业化促进信息化”的成功经验,同时认真解决一些存在的问题,更加重视信息化,大力推进信息化与工业化融合,加快我国国民经济和社会信息化的发展。     

欧盟家庭友好政策的性别视角分析——以父母假指令为例

随着一体化从经济领域"外溢"到社会领域,为了实现"社会欧洲"的建设目标,欧盟在重重压力之下构建了家庭友好政策体系.其出发点是提供劳动力保护,帮助父母协调家庭与工作的矛盾.但是由于其潜在目标是促进劳动力市场的公平竞争而非实现性别平等,因此欧盟家庭友好政策仍然存在着种种缺陷.本文以父母假指令为例,从政策文本、实施水平、欧洲法院的判例三方面对欧盟家庭友好政策进行性别视角分析,认为以上三方面存在的不利因素不仅严重制约了父母假指令效力的发挥,而且还对欧洲社会一体化进程造成较大的负面影响.     

A research topic in education law and policy: The development of regionalism and federalism in Europe and their impact on educational policy and administration

There has been an “upgrading” of the regional level in the European policy process which also has implications for educational policy and administration. At the same time federalism has become a model not only for nation states but also for the construction of Europe. While regionalism and federalism has attracted more and more scholarly attention there has been a neglect of the implications for the educational field. The article starts by looking for models of regionalisation and federalisation as a legal and political technique of conciliating between the different levels in education. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.