试论鉴定意见的可诉性———兼论鉴定意见争议的解决

司法鉴定意见是司法鉴定人对诉讼涉及的专门性问题的个人认识和判断,不仅受到仪器设备、鉴定方法以及实验室条件等客观因素的制约,也会受到司法鉴定人的知识水平、业务能力和实践经验等主观因素的影响。因而,对于同一专门性问题可能会出现不同的鉴定意见,其可靠性和科学性也无可避免会受到当事人的质疑。通过对司法鉴定的属性、可诉性的审判实践、法理上的分析以及我国现行法律对一些法律行为的可诉性规定等方面进行探讨,以寻找司法鉴定意见是否可诉的答案以及司法鉴定意见争议的解决机制。     

Hearing parties' voices in Coordinated Family Dispute Resolution (CFDR): An Australian pilot of a family mediation model designed for matters involving a history of domestic violence

This paper discusses the Coordinated Family Dispute Resolution (family mediation) process piloted in Australia in 2010–2012. This process was evaluated by the Australian Institute of Family Studies as being ‘at the cutting edge of family law practice’ because it involves the conscious application of mediation where there has been a history of family violence, in a clinically collaborative multidisciplinary and multi-agency setting. The Australian government's failure to invest resources in the ongoing funding of this model jeopardises the safety and efficacy of family dispute resolution practice in family violence contexts, and compromises the hearing of the voices of family violence victims and their children.     

论民事简易程序系统之优化

在当前社会矛盾多发与司法资源有限的大背景下,我国民事简易程序总体呈现适用扩张化、运作失范化、价值功利化的趋势。从系统论的角度分析,原因是多方面的。从民事简易程序系统外部看,既有替代性纠纷解决机制虚弱的原因,也有诉讼程序体系内普通程序与简易程序价值博弈的原因;从系统内部看,既有立法与司法解释等规则层面的原因,也有机构与人员设置不配套等体制层面的原因,更有管理不到位、监管机制失灵等机制层面的原因。因此,优化民事简易程序系统,完善其价值与功能定位,仅从传统的立法论、解释论途径实现规则要素的优化是不够的,还得从其内外环境与结构入手,实现整体的优化。     

老旧小区加装电梯的冲突分析及解决:基于协商式角色模拟的研究

随着我国老龄化社会的来临,老旧小区加装电梯成为备受关注的社会问题,各地政府也陆续推出相关支持政策,然而加装电梯之路并不平坦。对于这一典型的公共冲突,协商式角色模拟方法为分析和协调不同相关方之间的利益冲突、寻求冲突解决之道提供了新的思路。老旧小区加装电梯中的冲突化解,不仅要探索具体的解决策略,还应从以下三个方面完善相关政策:适当放宽业主同意原则;确定相关技术规程及利益补偿依据;地方政府加快制定加装电梯行动指南。     

国际投资法中的“国家安全”问题探究——以“Ralls诉美国外国投资委员会案”为视角

国际投资协定通过条约义务设定,促使投资东道国保护其境内的外国投资。"国家安全例外"条款则以保护东道国利益为宗旨,并为国际投资协定和国际投资争端解决实践认可。"国家安全例外"在平衡国际投资者与投资东道国利益中扮演重要角色,但该条款会为以保护东道国国家利益为名行投资歧视之实的行为提供"条约保护伞",对国际投资造成不合理限制。在国际投资协定由"重投资保护轻东道国保护"向"投资者与东道国兼顾"的转型中,我国拟在《外国投资法》中设置国家安全审查机制的做法正逢其时,并与"投资者—东道国纠纷解决机制"退出国际投资条约的呼声相呼应,将为投资东道国利益提供条约上的保护。但在国际投资协定尚未完成转型的时期,通过国家安全审查国际投资时应兼顾考察所涉及的投资协定,以免国家承担可能发生的条约不履行的国际责任。     

论多元化纠纷解决机制范围内的刑事和解制度

刑事和解理论在司法实践中的广泛应用,对于建立多元化的社会矛盾纠纷解决机制具有积极意义。我国有必要引入刑事和解制度,但应当予以本土化的设计,以利于该制度在我国的发展。     

劳动争议处理制度的新变化——以《劳动争议调解仲裁法》为依据

劳动争议处理制度是劳动法确立的一项重要程序制度,是构建和谐劳动关系的法律机制之一。但我国过去的劳动争议处理剁度存在不少缺陷,新颁布的《劳动争议调解仲裁法》则基本立足于我国实际,在一些制度设计上取得了重大突破,主要表现为：立法价值取向更加务实;劳动争议调解主体多元化;争议处理时限缩短,提高了争议处理效率;仲裁组织的建拘趋于合理化;对劳动争议仲裁时效进行了重欠完善;确立了部分劳动争议案件的仲裁终局制;确立了私法对劳动争议仲裁的有限监督等,从而使劳动争议处理制度产生了新的变化。     

纠纷成本与诉讼效益分析

本文试图用经济学的基本理论和方法对纠纷的成本与诉讼效益做一分析。纠纷妨碍了交易和效益 ,增加了成本。在诉讼中和通过诉讼 ,做到尽量避免纠纷对收益的不利影响 ,努力减少纠纷成本 ,并影响和减少纠纷的数量 ,这就是诉讼之效益。     

State engagement with non-state justice: how the experience in Kyrgyzstan can reinforce the need for legitimacy in Afghanistan

Currently there is a question of whether and how Afghanistan should engage non-state councils of elders to resolve disputes. In order to harness their benefits (e.g. efficiency), control their abuses (e.g. occasional controversial resolutions), and stabilize the resolution of disputes, some have argued that formal links should be established between the state judicial system and non-state councils of elders in Afghanistan. Others argue that mere informal links between the two systems should be established. Still others suggest that prior models of state engagement in Afghanistan should be revived. In Kyrgyzstan, just 65 miles north of Afghanistan, the Tsarist, Soviet and post-Soviet administrations have used various methods to engage non-state councils of elders. Despite these vastly different attempts at controlling local dispute resolutions, elders independently resolved disputes outside of Tsarist and Soviet control and continue to resolve disputes outside of post-Soviet state control in Kyrgyzstan. This phenomenon highlights the need for legitimacy in any models of state engagement that are considered for Afghanistan. If, as observed in Kyrgyzstan, people do not use state-sanctioned local councils in Afghanistan, then their purposes may be frustrated. Therefore, in addition to reviewing the experience with state engagement in other parts of the world, policy makers in Afghanistan should also review the historical and contemporary experience with state engagement in Kyrgyzstan. As the need for legitimacy is reconsidered and applied to the design of models for Afghanistan, it may be more likely that those models will be used by more people in Afghanistan and that their purposes will be furthered.     

试析南海问题中的美国因素

南海争端涉及多个国家。作为最大域外因素的美国对南海问题的关注和介入日益突出,“9．11”事件后,美国主要通过加强军事存在、与南海周边国家进行能源合作、加强与东盟合作三个渠道介入南海问题。在相当长的时间里,美国的南海政策仍以主动、扩张、威慑为主,其牵制中国崛起的基本方针不会改变：同时,美国参与和建构新的南海多边安全机制构想已日趋凸现。