城市养狗诱发的治安问题及其治理初探

养狗是城市居民闲暇生活的点缀,但在越来越多的城市因养狗破坏环境卫生、狗咬伤(死)人事件,以及因养狗纠纷诱发的伤人、杀人、诈骗等案件危害城市的社会治安。治理城市养狗诱发的治安问题,需要培养居民文明养狗意识、完善限制养狗的法律制度、重视狗患警情、及时化解养狗矛盾纠纷等多策并举。     

犬源韦氏巴贝斯虫的分子鉴定和系统发育研究

无菌采集疑似巴贝斯虫感染血样,进行全血基因组DNA的抽提,用保守引物5-22F和1661R进行巴贝斯虫18SrRNA基因的PCR扩增,扩增产物经克隆、测序后,获得大小为1 677bp的核苷酸序列。序列比对和系统发育分析发现,该序列与韦氏巴贝斯虫(AB083374)18SrRNA基因的相似性达100%,而与犬巴贝斯虫(AY072926)、罗氏巴贝斯虫(L19079)和吉氏巴贝斯虫(AF271081)18SrRNA基因的相似性分别为98.0%,95.2%和93.4%。从分子水平证实了韦氏巴贝斯虫在广东宠物犬的存在,同时也对巴贝斯虫的分类进行了讨论。     

应用对流免疫电泳诊断狐和貉细小病毒性肠炎的研究

建立的诊断狐和貉细小病毒性肠炎的对流免疫电泳（ Ｃ Ｉ Ｅ Ｐ） ，抗原最佳稀释度为１∶１６ ，血清最佳稀释度为１∶８ ，最佳电泳时间为６０ ｍｉｎ 。用该方法检测发病早期的病料，阳性检出率达９８ ％ ，对发病１０ ｄ 以上的病料阳性检出率为３０ ％ 。     

Analysis of forensic SNPs in the canine mtDNA HV1 mutational hotspot region

A 60 bp sequence variation hotspot in the canine mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region 1 was evaluated for its use in forensic investigations. Nineteen haplotypes containing 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed among laboratory-generated and GenBank-derived domestic dog sequences representing five regional localities in the U.S. Samples from the different localities were highly variable with the levels of intra-population variability being similar among the populations studied. AMOVA further confirmed that there was no significant genetic structuring of the populations. Assays using these haplotypes were robust, canid specific and portend a rapid method for correctly excluding individual dogs as noncontributors of forensic evidence. Species-specificity of the primers was confirmed by means of in-tube polymerase chain reaction of human and cat DNA and in-silico assessment of the genomes of several animal species. Breed-specific fragments were not detected among the common haplotypes but there is evidence that this assay may be capable of differentiating domestic dog, wolf, and coyote sequences.     

A Forensic and Medical Evaluation of Dog Bites in a Province of Western Turkey

The aim was to evaluate the demographic data of dog‐bite cases organized from criminal and forensic reports. This study evaluated 328 cases admitted to the Director of Forensic Medicine, Eskisehir, as a result of dog bites between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010. It was found that those in the age‐group of 0–18 were most frequently exposed to dog bites (48.5%). Injuries to the lower extremity, upper extremity, and chest/abdomen/back were more frequent in men (72.6%, 76.4%, and 66.1%, respectively), while injuries to the head/neck/face were more frequent in women (52.3%) (p < 0.01). While most of those wounded in the upper extremity, the head/neck/face, and the chest/abdomen/back were in the child age‐group, most of those wounded in the lower extremity were in the adult age‐group (p < 0.001). Teaching children, in particular, how to behave around dogs would be useful in reducing the incidence of bite.     

警犬硬质地面追踪技术训练研究

随着城市化进程的加快,硬质地面成为限制警犬追踪技术在刑事案件现场应用的最重要因素。训练警犬在硬质地面上进行追踪是摆在警犬技术工作人员面前的重要课题。通过介绍国外几种具有代表性的警犬硬质地面追踪训练技术,与公安部昆明警犬基地、广西区公安厅警犬所联合设计的硬质地面追踪训练课程体系进行了比较,并对实战等的分析之后,认为这一训练课程体系全面、系统,训练指标高于国外同类技术,应用前景良好。     

警犬技术在强奸案件侦破中的应用

在强奸案件中被害人与犯罪人都有正面接触，并且多数会发生搏斗的过程，现场的强奸犯罪特征明显，可能遗留有精液、毛发、血迹等可以作为嗅源的物证。警犬技术通过警犬灵敏的嗅觉来追踪、搜索、鉴别犯罪分子，已经成为强奸案件突破的有效手段。在强奸案件中运用警犬应提高警犬的使用率、作业能力，并提升执法规范化意识。     

犬mtDNA高变区Ⅰ多态性及法医学意义初探

目的对犬毛发mtDNA高变区Ⅰ多态性进行检测,并探讨其在法医学中的应用价值。方法 54只家犬(拉布拉多犬7只、史宾格犬7只、德国牧羊犬6只、罗威纳犬4只、藏獒4只、昆明犬4只、杜伯文犬3只、金毛寻猎犬1只、昆明本地犬18只)。采用复合巢式PCR对54只家犬mtDAN HVRⅠ15803～16114区域进行测序分析。结果 54只家犬在mtDNA HVRⅠ15458～16100区域共检测到643个碱基对信息,共检出分属3大单倍群26个多态点;15个单倍型,频率在1.9%～20.4%之间,其中单倍型A11频率最高;个体识别概率为0.898,平均核苷酸差异和平均核苷酸多样度为7.62±3.61和0.011 9±0.006 3。结论采用本文方法,可检测犬mtDNA HVR-Ⅰ多态性,并可利用其较高的个体识别概率为相关案件侦察提供线索或依据。     

警犬鉴别人体气味操作方法研究进展

警犬鉴别是刑事侦查工作中进行个体气味鉴定的独特技术手段。目前已经形成的警犬鉴别人体气味的方法有直接鉴别法、罐内或瓶内鉴别法、管式鉴别法和气孔鉴别法,由于管式鉴别法和气孔鉴别法的鉴别结果有较高的可信度,故被法庭科学认为是2种较好的鉴别人体气味的方法。     

犬产气荚膜梭菌的分离和PCR检测方法的建立

从 12头疑似产气荚膜梭菌感染的猝死警犬中分离获得了 18株病原菌 ,经生化试验及毒素中和试验 ,确定为A型和C型产气荚膜梭菌。参考GenBank中登录的基因序列 ,设计合成了针对产气荚膜梭菌α、β、ε、ι、CPE和 β2共 6对分型毒素基因的引物 ,对以前昆明地区分离的 1株产气荚膜梭菌进行了PCR扩增 ,结果扩增出了与预期大小相同的 6个基因片段 ,分别为 2 33、196、32 4、4 46、5 6 7和 6 6 5bp。建立的PCR方法能同时用于产气荚膜梭菌鉴定和毒素分型 ,较细菌毒素检测方法快速 ,与细菌分离鉴定的结果一致。