论带犬民警侦查意识的培养

侦查意识是侦查行为的先导,警犬技术应用于侦查破案其效果一定程度取决于带犬民警侦查意识的强弱。当前,警犬技术在刑事案件侦查中广泛应用、带犬民警流血牺牲事件偶发以及犯罪分子反侦查意识增强等,决定了应当加强对带犬民警侦查意识的培养。为提高带犬民警侦查意识,公安机关应建立带犬民警积极参与侦查活动的机制,加强对带犬民警侦查业务知识的培养,善于总结警犬使用过程中成功与失败之经验,并加强带犬民警模拟实战的训练。     

Utilization of paw prints for species identification in the Canidae family

In this report, the bodies of six skinned animals were submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy examination as authorities were concerned these animals were domestic dogs. Given the condition of the animals, identification of the animal species could not be based on traditional physical characteristics such as size, fur characteristics, and ear characteristics. The paw prints from these animals were characterized based on size, heel pad architecture, and claw characteristics. The length of the forepaws measured 3-3.25 in., four toes were observed and only the claws of digits 3 and 4 were identified, and the heel pad had a pronounced three-lobed rear margin. The rear margin of the heel pad of the hind foot was of circular shape with two slightly forward-pointing crescents laterally. Based on the features of the paw print it was determined that the animals necropsied were coyotes.     

Less is More—Optimization of DNA Extraction from Canine Feces

Although most DNA crime laboratories may not encounter fecal samples often, they are a familiar sample type in non‐human forensic laboratories due to their prevalence in the environment. Fecal matter can be challenging due to low numbers of nucleated cells and the presence of inhibitors that impede amplification success. Sampling location (internal vs. external), sampling quantity (10–200 mg), and various extraction protocols (silica matrix, bead beating, and clean‐up column) were evaluated to maximize DNA yield. The greatest yield of intact DNA was obtained using a modified silica matrix extraction protocol (VGL‐Fecal) on 30–50 mg of fecal matter collected from the external surface of a stool that had been dried for 24 h. This optimized sampling and extraction protocol was applied to a pilot study where DNA yield and genotyping success were evaluated. By optimizing our collection, sampling, and extraction procedures, a reliable method for maximizing the yield of canine fecal DNA was developed.     

EgM9蛋白免疫犬肠系膜淋巴结中抗体的免疫荧光组织化学定位

以EgM蛋白免疫犬、EgM蛋白免疫后感染原头蚴犬及感染原头蚴犬3个组的肠系膜淋巴结为材料,用FITC标记羊抗犬IgG扣羊抗兔IgG,分别采用一步法和三步法免疫荧光技术检测EgM蛋白免疫犬肠系膜淋巴结上的IgG和特异性IgG.结果显示,EgM蛋白免疫犬、EgM蛋白免疫后感染原头蚴犬的肠系膜淋巴结组织有清楚可见的荧光点,而感染原头蚴犬的肠系膜淋巴结荧光较弱.两种方法均证明,EgM蛋白免疫犬后在其肠系膜淋巴结中可以产生特异性抗体.     

Forensic Informativity of ~3000 bp of Coding Sequence of Domestic Dog mtDNA

The discriminatory power of the noncoding control region (CR) of domestic dog mitochondrial DNA alone is relatively low. The extent to which the discriminatory power could be increased by analyzing additional highly variable coding regions of the mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) was therefore investigated. Genetic variability across the mtGenome was evaluated by phylogenetic analysis, and the three most variable ~1 kb coding regions identified. We then sampled 100 Swedish dogs to represent breeds in accordance with their frequency in the Swedish population. A previously published dataset of 59 dog mtGenomes collected in the United States was also analyzed. Inclusion of the three coding regions increased the exclusion capacity considerably for the Swedish sample, from 0.920 for the CR alone to 0.964 for all four regions. The number of mtDNA types among all 159 dogs increased from 41 to 72, the four most frequent CR haplotypes being resolved into 22 different haplotypes.     

K9s killed in the line of duty

While police work comes with a slew of dangers, little research has focused on deaths of police dogs in the line of duty. The purpose of this paper is to begin a conversation about violence toward police dogs and the treatment of animals working with the police.

To do so, a database of 96 police dogs that died in the line of duty in the United States between 2011 and 2015 was compiled, drawn from the Officer Down Memorial Page. More police dog deaths were reported in 2014 and 2015, during summer months, with half clustering in the Southern US. The victim police dogs were mostly younger and recently employed by the policing agency. The most frequent cause of death was heat exhaustion, followed by gunfire and automobiles. Most offenders were apprehended by police or shot.

Policymakers and researchers should encourage systematic data collection for a better understanding of the extent of the issue.     

构建警犬扑咬法定情形应遵循的法治原则——基于警犬扑咬行为属性的分析

随着警犬技术工作的不断推进,法律并未授权公安机关有权使用警犬对犯罪嫌疑人进行扑咬的法律现实与警犬在公安实践中被广泛且无序地应用现状严重冲突着,构建警察使用警犬进行扑咬的法定情形刻不容缓。但前提是应厘清警察使用警犬进行扑咬时其武力性质和行为属性。只有这两个问题解决后,构建警犬扑咬法定情形才不是空中楼阁。本文拟从警犬扑咬时的行为属性出发,探讨构建警犬扑咬法定情形时应遵循的法治原则,为立法提供建议。     

Cyclic Pentanone Peroxide: Sensitiveness and Suitability as a Model for Triacetone Triperoxide

Research to counter the threat of organic peroxides such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is at times hampered by their inherent extreme sensitiveness and volatility. This work describes an approach to lowering some risks associated with the handling of TATP in the laboratory through the use of an analog species, tripentanone triperoxide (TPTP). Sensitiveness has been tested via standard methods. GCMS analysis has shown that TPTP degrades via similar mechanisms to TATP under a range of conditions. Slight differences in product composition were traced to side reactions which may also affect impurities present in homemade TATP synthesis. A pilot field trial was conducted to evaluate TPTP as a substitute for TATP in explosive detection dog (EDD) scent training. The degradation studies have yielded insights into the complexities of the acidic degradation of cyclic peroxides with potential forensic application, and TPTP's inadequacy as a TATP pseudoscent is a valuable example of the limitations of such training aids.     

新疆部分地区动物西尼罗病毒感染的调查

为了解新疆部分地区动物西尼罗病毒(WNV)的流行状况,采用一步法实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(real-time RT-PCR)对采自新疆伊犁河谷地区以及巴音布鲁克草原的200份马血样、100份驴血样和100份犬血样外周血单核细胞中的WNV包膜蛋白(E)基因片段进行了检测。结果显示,被检血样中未发现WNV E基因片段,目前尚没有证据表明我国新疆部分地区的动物中存在WNV感染。提示,近期内该地区出现WNV流行的可能性小。