法国领导职公务员能力培训：系统管理与结果决定职位

法国所实行的领导职公务员能力培训,首先,在于形成能力培训文化;其次,在于形成了完备的能力培训法律环境;再次,能力培训流程是在文化与法律环境的保证之下开展的;最后,领导职公务员能力培训最突出的特点是培训结果的测评与将来的任职直接挂钩,测评结果优秀者获得较高职位。我们可以把法国的这些做法引入我国领导职公务员能力培训中,以真正提高我国领导职公务员的能力。     

公共行政组织建构的合法化进路

对待现代国家公共行政组织建构的合法化问题,有一种形式法治主义的主张,即通过民主代议机关的合法化模式。这种模式在方法论上有单一原因论、理想的形式规范主义和绝对的建构理性主义之倾向,它在解决当下中国行政组织无序的诸多问题方面力有未逮。而在实践中,另外一种可以称为开放反思的合法化模式的进路,以其多向原因论、经验的实质规范主义和复合理性主义之方法论倾向,在相当程度上发挥着重要功能。它并非彻底否定民主代议模式,而是传统主张之外的一条比较贴近中国现实的合法化进路。     

浅谈教学中的非语言交际

交际包括语言交际和非语言交际,这两种形式相辅相成,构成人类交际不可分割的整体。非语言交际是一个包含诸多因素的体系,可以用来辅助语言交际。非语言交际是人在出生后就开始接触学习并且要实践加强贯穿一生的。教学是一种交际行为,在教学实践中,我们教师除了主要运用语言交际手段,也会经常运用非语言交际,这能使教学过程更顺畅,而且会创造良好的师生关系。     

SEX EDUCATION LEFT AT THE THRESHOLD OF THE SCHOOL DOOR: STRICTER REQUIREMENTS FOR PARENTAL OPT‐OUT PROVISIONS

Current state law creates the risk that, if sex education is not provided to a child in public school, no similar instruction will be given to the child. Legislatively enacted opt‐out provisions give parents broad control over their child's education by granting them the option to have their child excused from any sex education requirements within a public school's curriculum. Through public school sex education, professionals provide youth information aimed at protecting them from the dangers of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A stricter statutory opt‐out provision should be enacted by state legislatures that only allows parents to excuse their child from sex education after a parent attends a 90‐minute STD prevention course and receives the instructional material used in the school's sex education curriculum. Parents should be provided up‐to‐date information and a structural framework designed by the school to encourage them to discuss with their child the many sexual issues addressed within a school's sex education curriculum.     

What Role for Human Rights in Business?

The Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) were endorsed by the United Nations Human Rights Council in June 2011, following the six‐year mandate of the Special Representative to the Secretary General (SRSG) on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises. The SRSG developed a framework comprised of three pillars: (1) States have a duty to protect against human rights abuses committed by third parties, including business enterprises; (2) business enterprises have a responsibility to respect human rights; and (3) victims of business‐related human rights abuses need access to effective remedies. In particular, guiding principle (GP) 11 provides that business enterprises should respect human rights, that is, they should avoid infringing on the human rights of others and address adverse human rights impacts with which they are involved. This article considers the implications of the Guiding Principles' framework for business; the continuing role of conventional accountability mechanisms in providing access to remedy for victims under the third pillar of the framework; and developments in ‘hard law', with a particular focus on the approach by the UK, since the introduction of the UNGPs, before turning, briefly, to the future for business and human rights.     

信访困境的形成机制与应对策略

以"行为—过程范式"为分析视角,有利于更清晰地理解信访困境的形成机制。以"法治是地方性知识"与"相对合理主义"为应对信访困境的理论基础,可以发现关注信访制度的定纷止争功能,依靠权威力量进行纠纷化解,加强对于公权力的规制,注重成功经验的法治化是突破信访困境的可行出路。     

政府数字化转型影响因素分析

我国正处于推进国家治理现代化和新一代信息技术革命的交汇期,推动政府数字化转型是实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求.本文借鉴既有研究,借助TOE框架,运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法,从技术、组织以及环境层面对我国政府数字化转型的影响因素进行了分析和评价.结果 显示,政府数字化转型战略规划是推动政府数字化转型进程最...     

裁量基准的制度定位:理由的规范化

《行政处罚法》的新规并未直接揭示裁量基准的制度定位,学界目前依然存在着“依据论”与“理由论”两种观点。实际上,依据裁量基准的形式外观与现行立法的规范用语并不能证明裁量基准属于裁量行为的“依据”,相反,根据权源性标准和拘束性标准,可以得知裁量基准并非“依据”。同时,通过对裁量基准与裁量理由的实质分析,可以发现二者之间不仅有着理论上的同质性,而且存在着内容上的同构性。不仅如此,裁量基准的运行机制也进一步验证了裁量基准属于“理由”的判断。不过,裁量基准绝不是“理由”的等同概念,而是“理由”的一种规范化表达,“规范”的形式赋予了裁量基准独立的制度定位。     

政策类型理论的批判及其中国经验研究

洛伊提出的政策类型理论以＂政策特征决定政治过程＂的假设为基础,从公共权力运用的两个维度构建出四分的政策分类框架。这一政策类型理论一经提出即引起学术界广泛关注,同时也激发了诸多学者的质疑和批判,以及针对质疑和批判进行的辩护和发展。一些开拓性研究表明,该理论对于透视和分析中国背景下的公共政策过程同样具有深邃的理论洞察力。循着＂政策类型视角下政策过程＂的思路,可以发展出关于中国公共政策规划与决策、执行与评估等不同阶段的经验性假设,以逐渐积累关于中国政策过程的知识和认知,并发展出本土化的政策过程理论。     

Institutional Arrangements and State and Local Financial Forecasting

Abstract

The articles in this symposium present various consequences that effectively result in changes from adopted budgets during the implementation phase, which derive from institutional structure. The institutional structures referred to include such attributes as internal policy, procedural methodology, longevity in office, and reward and incentive systems related to performance outcomes

For local governments, structural influences studied include changes in leadership in the executive and legislative branches, longevity in office of budget administrators, and differences related to mayor-council vs. council-manager forms of government. Internal policies reported on cover methodology used to forecast revenues such as quantitative methods versus informed judgment, budgetary controls and spending policy related to mandated spending beyond local government control, and procedures for benchmarking within the agency as well as with peer groups and professional standards.

Consortia of governments are referenced regarding performance evaluation as is the process for gaining consensus between the executive and legislative branches, including expert outside opinion. Other influences on performance outcomes reported on are those tied to the risk-reward system built in to the institutional structure, which includes risk tolerance of the individuals who make pension fund investments.