Hegemonic political parties in post-Soviet Eurasia: Towards party-based authoritarianism?

Hegemonic parties in authoritarian regimes can fulfill important purposes for those regimes and thereby contribute to their survival. Along with the consolidation of authoritarian regimes, hegemonic political parties have emerged in some post-Soviet states, raising questions about the role that these parties play in the survival of the regimes. This article asks which of the purposes that are frequently ascribed to ruling authoritarian parties are fulfilled by United Russia, the Yeni Azerbaijan Party, and Nur Otan of Kazakhstan, the hegemonic parties of the three strongest consolidated authoritarian regimes with a hegemonic party in the former Soviet Union. It is argued that despite the increasing prominence of the hegemonic parties, full-fledged party-based authoritarianism has not yet been established in Russia, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan.     

俄罗斯国防工业“寓军于民”实践及对我国的启示

俄罗斯国防科技工业大力推行"军转民"政策,组建国防工业大型企业集团。并在许多领域,特别是在电子技术和信息技术领域都采取了许多有效的措施。同时强调在首先满足国防需求的前提下,建立军民融合的工业体系,军民融合建设已取得初步成效。俄罗斯国防工业"寓军于民"的实践,对探讨我国国防工业"寓军于民"具有一定的启示。     

沙俄时期远东的人口与劳动力问题

16世纪中下叶至19世纪中下叶,沙俄夺取了西伯利亚和远东,一跃成为土地辽阔、地跨欧亚两洲的大国。沙俄时期的远东就是其侵占的西伯利亚最东部。远东地区地广人稀,沙俄必须解决当地人口与劳动力极度匮乏的问题,以实现对这一新吞并土地的有效统治。沙俄为此采用了移民、惩处性垦殖等措施来改善远东人口和劳动力状况,使远东地区人口和劳动力有所增加,逐步实现了对该地区的有效占领和控制,但沙俄的东扩是充满暴力和野蛮行径的殖民过程,再加上远东恶劣的环境及沙俄政府移民政策的缺陷,注定了沙俄时期难以有效解决远东人口与劳动力问题。     

冷战后中俄战略关系的演进——以安全共同体为方向

冷战结束以来,中俄战略关系开始了由安全困境向安全共同体的结构性转变。这突出地表现在三个层面上:边界划定奠定了中俄战略合作的地缘之基、上合组织夯实了中俄战略合作机制之本、联手反霸塑造了中俄战略合作的全球之维。展望未来,在新安全观的引导下,中俄战略关系一定会更上一层楼。     

俄远东地区投资环境与黑龙江省对俄投资策略

远东地区是俄罗斯的"聚宝盆",蕴藏着丰富的燃料动力资源、森林资源、水力资源和矿物资源。在世界各国对自然资源需求不断增加的今天,许多投资者都把资源开发的目光投向了这一地区。黑龙江省应该充分利用与俄远东地区相邻和经济互补的优势,把握对俄投资的最佳机遇,制定对俄投资策略。     

俄罗斯人口健康问题初探

20世纪90年代至今,俄罗斯出现了严重的人口危机,不仅人口数量下降,人口的健康状况也存在很多问题,如居民的卫生条件差、饮食营养结构缺乏科学性、日常生活习惯不健康等。俄罗斯联邦政府努力加大医生的培养力度、增加医疗卫生拨款、提高社会福利待遇、改善人民生活、倡导健康生活方式、努力延长人口平均寿命。     

推进边境口岸城市国际化的构想和对策——对黑龙江省绥芬河市的案例分析

城市国际化背景下,绥芬河市凭借自身的地缘优势,加之不断优化的内外发展环境,不断克服自身城市规模小、人口少等不利因素,逐步探索与国际接轨的城市发展的新模式。     

浅析佳木斯在中俄经贸合作中的战略地位

改革开放三十多年来,佳木斯经济也和全国经济一样有显著的发展。但由于东北老工业基地的经济发展大大落后于经济发达地区,佳木斯经济也普遍落后于其他地区。充分发挥佳木斯在中俄经贸中的作用,对佳木斯市经济的发展具有长远的战略意义。     

Household formation, institutions, and economic development: Evidence from imperial Russia

Household formation patterns have been adduced in recent years by historians and other social scientists to account for the economic development of western Europe. The so-called European Marriage Pattern, which prevailed throughout northwest Europe, is viewed as having been particularly conducive to early industrialisation and economic growth. But to what extent were household formation systems exogenous to the broader economic and social context in which they were located? Evidence from nineteenth-century Russia indicates that family systems were influenced by the same variables that determined the shape of the local economy; they were part of a complex web of institutions and thus cannot be viewed as independent determinants of economic development.     

Make or buy on the Russian railway? Coase,Williamson, and Tsar Nicholas II

There is a growing consensus among economists that the most procompetitive strategy for restructuring public utility enterprises includes complete vertical separation of the network or grid portion of a sector from other parts of the sector where competition is to be created. Although exceptions to this rule are readily granted, it is generally considered that any alternative strategy may pay a high cost in terms of discriminatory access to the grid by non-integrated entrants into the new competitive sector. This consensus is somewhat surprising in light of the simultaneous growth of transactions cost economics, with its emphasis on the benefits of close vertical relationships—including vertical integration—in the face of complexity, unforeseeable contingencies, and problems with contract law enforcement. These issues are considered in the context of a Russian railways restructuring plan which may, or may not, involve complete vertical separation.