“Willing the Event”

Abstract

A major problem threatens Deleuze’s project in The Logic of Sense. He makes an ontological distinction between events and substances, but he then collapses a crucial distinction between two kinds of events, namely, actions and mere occurrences. Indeed, whereas actions are commonly differentiated from mere occurrences with reference to their causal dependence on the intentions of their agents, Deleuze asserts a strict ontological distinction between the realm of causes (including psychological causes) and the realm of events, and holds that events of all types are incorporeal happenings which are inseparable from expressed sense. For Deleuze, what counts as one’s action thus does not depend on one’s intention, but rather on a process of “making sense” of that action. Nevertheless, Deleuze continues to speak of the need to “will” the event. In order to resolve this apparent contradiction, I will read a conception of “expressive agency” into The Logic of Sense.     

The revenge of the Caucasus: Chechenization and the dual state in Russia

Post-communist development in Russia has been characterized by the development of a dual state in which the constitutional order is balanced by the consolidation of an arbitrary prerogative state. This horizontal dualism has taken root in Russia's regions; and this is accompanied by the establishment of a form of vertical dualism in relations between the regions and the center. Attempts to overcome this form of segmented regionalism under president Vladimir Putin have been undermined by the development of Chechenization, which represents not only the repudiation of dualism in this republic, but threatens to undermine the precarious balance between the constitutional and prerogative states at the federal level as well. Chechenization has its opponents in Moscow as well and its fate is defined by the struggle between the factions at the center. The process of “separatism without secession” is a highly ambiguous one and reflects broader developments in the Russian state as president Dmitry Medvedev seeks to strengthen the constitutional pillar of the dual state.     

Regulating the Media: Some Neglected Freedom of Expression Issues in the United Kingdom's Counter-Terrorism Strategy

ABSTRACT

In the wake of the first ever Al Qaeda-inspired bombings in Britain in July 2005, there has been much discussion about the appropriate form(s) of counter-terrorism response. This article focuses on one aspect of the “war on terror” usually afforded less prominence than other counter-terrorist measures; namely a range of existing and proposed constraints on media freedom and the constitutional/human rights issues provoked. The United Kingdom is the focus because terrorism laws intended for the ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland have been replaced by legislation in 2000 and 2001 claimed to reflect the changed nature of terrorism and that arguably has serious implications for freedom of expression. Measures that would impact adversely on speech are being debated in Parliament presently, measures that go considerably further than the previous bans on the direct broadcasting of Sinn Féin representatives and their sympathisers.     

Democracy and the European Union: Matching means to standards

In justifying recent European Union Treaty changes, member-state governments have claimed that publics are doubly represented in the EU: through their elected governments and through the European Parliament. This review evaluates ‘dual representation’ as a means of delivering democratic standards. It concludes that present institutional arrangements contain some means of aligning policy outcomes with citizen preferences but they do not match up so well to ‘input’ or procedural conditions for public control with political equality. One troubling aspect of this is that there are good normative grounds for holding ‘input’ standards to be prior to ‘output’ ones. Another is that difficulties of public control are, on Union matters, more acute in relationships between representatives and voters than in those between representatives and other power holders.     

Intellectual Property Counterfeiting and Piracy – Response of Small Commonwealth Jurisdictions∗

This article provides an analysis of some recent developments relating to Constitutional law in Jamaica, including the legal issues arising from tied elections and the dual nationality of parliamentarians. It also discusses a case relating to the failure to incorporate the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime (the Palermo Convention). In this case, though the Palermo Convention contemplates investigations by agents of one country on the territory of another for certain crimes, one state party found it was unable to carry out such investigations on the territory of another. Although the latter country, a CARICOM member state, was also a party to the Convention, it had not enacted the required implementing legislation     

社会转型的时空压缩性特征对我国生态文明的影响

"时空压缩"是当前中国社会转型的一个显著特点。"时空压缩"给我国生态文明带来影响是双重的:它为我国生态文明建设提供了丰富的物质基础,给我国生态文明建设提供了"择优综合"的外部条件,也为我国生态文明建设提供了合作共赢的国际环境。同时,时空压缩性也使我国生态文明建设面临着国内外的双重挤压。     

柔嫩艾美球虫pEtK2抗原基因的克隆表达及其表达产物的抗原性分析

应用RT-PCR技术从纯化的柔嫩艾美球虫孢子化卵囊子孢子中克隆了pEtK2抗原基因,并进行了原核表达和抗原性分析,同时用MTT法检测了重组蛋白对球虫耐过鸡淋巴细胞的刺激效果。结果显示,克隆的pEtK2基因全长1464 bp,具有一个完整的开放阅读框,编码487个氨基酸,具有多个T细胞表位。重组蛋白诱导5 h后表达量最多,分子质量约55 ku,占菌体总蛋白的32%。纯化的重组蛋白能够刺激球虫耐过鸡T淋巴细胞增殖,可作为球虫基因工程疫苗或DNA疫苗的候选基因。     

法眼看辽宁西丰“拘传记者案”

辽宁西丰"拘传记者案"是地方公共权力侵犯公民宪法权利,侵害传媒新闻自由权,侵犯记者人身自由权的典型案例。该案例对我们的启示是,应着重在制度层面上调整地方党政机关职权划分和完善党对地方事务,尤其是司法事务的领导方式;在法律层面上进一步完善《刑法》、《刑事诉讼法》等相关法律,细化公安机关和检察机关司法行为的法定要件,特别是要尽快完善关于记者权利保护的立法等,以更好地保障新闻媒体和社会大众对我国各级国家机关及其工作人员进行舆论监督。     

PDGF-β,PDGFR-β,TGF-β1,bFGF在创伤愈合过程中的表达变化与损伤时间关系的研究

目的研究细胞因子在创伤及修复过程中的表达变化与损伤时间 ( 伤口年龄 ) 的关系 . 方法用免疫组织化学技术和图像分析技术 , 对实验大鼠不同损伤时间的生前伤 ( 0.5～ 168h am) 及死后伤 ( 0.5～ 6h pm) 皮肤创缘组织中细胞因子和受体的表达变化进行了研究 . 结果在生前伤 , PDGF- β , PDGFR- β , TGF- β 1, bFGF等细胞因子在上皮细胞的表达于损伤后 0.5h am 即开始增强 , 其中以 24～ 96h am反应最强 . TGF- β 1, bFGF 以及 PDGF- β除了在上皮细胞的表达外 , 还大量出现在肉芽组织的巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞内 , 亦以 24～ 96h am 最明显 , 而死后损伤组上述因子仅在 0.5～ 3h以内有弱表达 , 3h后则均无任何表达 . 结论 PDGF- β , PDGFR- β , TGF- β 1, bFGF在创伤愈合过程中的变化及特点与损伤时间的关系可作为推断损伤时间的免疫病理学标志 .     

乡村治理变迁与新乡贤的当代表达

随着我国乡村社会由现代的逐步转型,乡村社会形态在变迁过程中呈现出农业社会、工业社会、现代社会相互叠加的异像,乡村的经济、社会、秩序、道德都进入破碎-重构的通道面临重重困境,作为国家治理重要环节的乡村治理面临重重困境。乡贤文化依附强烈的地缘、血缘、亲缘关系而生而长,内涵着特定场域内的风俗、人情、道德、礼法、情感、习惯及信仰,是我国千百年来乡村治理经验与智慧的宝贵结晶。当代新乡贤因其在治理传统、身份特性、能力资源、行为标尺、品德垂范等方面的“有用性”和“可用性”,为解构乡村治理困境提供了新的思路。