袭击警察事件发生的原因和对策探析

公安民警在执法中遭受不法侵害事件的发生,有警察与犯罪分子的根本对立性:公安机关执法主体与客体之间矛盾容易激化的诱因增多,当前执法环境恶化,对袭警行为打击不力,社会风气不好,部分基层组织职能弱化等外部客观原因;有警察装备差,抗暴力和威慑力弱,民警自我保护能力不强,公安机关依法维护合法权益的举措软弱无力,公安队伍整体素质仍需提高等主观因素。遏止袭警案件的发生,法律保护是关键,物质保护是前提,社会保护是基础,民警的自我保护是核心。     

FIFA/IOC‐Sanctioned Development and the Imminence of Erotic Space

Based on ethnographic research conducted since April 2014, this paper will examine the intersection between mega‐event security apparatuses, event‐led urbanism, and local geographies of desire. We argue that urban sanitisation strategies (particularly those derived from a constellation of foreign interests) threaten local geographies of desire but remain dependent upon erotic space and subjectivities in (trans)national exchange and everyday economic salvation. The erasure of sexual diversity is a case with which to examine the impact of FIFA/IOC‐sanctioned urban renewal, and the manner in which local bodies (particularly those deemed sexually ‘deviant’) are repeatedly forced to circumvent these globally determined processes of development.     

Europeanisation and social movements: The case of the Stop TTIP campaign

Over the past years, the economic crisis has significantly challenged the ways through which social movements have conceptualised and interacted with European Union institutions and policies. Although valuable research on the Europeanisation of movements has already been conducted, finding moderate numbers of Europeanised protests and actors, more recent studies on the subject have been limited to austerity measures and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) has been investigated more from a trade unions’ or an international relations perspective. In this article, the TTIP is used as a very promising case study to analyse social movements’ Europeanisation – that is, their capacity to mobilise referring to European issues, targets and identities. Furthermore, the TTIP is a crucial test case because it concerns a policy area (foreign trade) which falls under the exclusive competence of the EU. In addition, political opportunities for civil society actors are ‘closed’ in that negotiations are kept ‘secret’ and discussed mainly within the European Council, and it is difficult to mobilise a large public on such a technical issue. So why and how has this movement become ‘Europeanised’? This comparative study tests the Europeanisation hypothesis with a protest event analysis on anti‐TTIP mobilisation in six European countries (Italy, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Germany and Austria) at the EU level in the period 2014–2016 (for a total of 784 events) and uses semi‐structured interviews in Brussels with key representatives of the movement and policy makers. The findings show that there is strong adaptation of social movements to multilevel governance – with the growing presence of not only purely European actors, but also European targets, mobilisations and transnational movement networks – with a ‘differential Europeanisation’. Not only do the paths of Europeanisation vary from country to country (and type of actor), but they are also influenced by the interplay between the political opportunities at the EU and domestic levels.     

Crime,time, and punishment: An exploration of selection bias in sentencing research

The sentencing decision reflects the culmination of a long series of processing and, thus, selection decisions, with cases leaving the system at each decision point. Accordingly, the substantive implications of bias due to sample selection are of particular concern for sentencing research. In an effort to assess the existence and manifestations of selection bias, the sentencing decision is modeled for three samples, each of which was selected from different stages of the justice process. Event-history data on felony arrests in the State of California over a 3-year period are used, along with a relatively simple analytic technique which reduces such bias. Results indicate that biasis introduced when censored observations are excluded from the analyses. Also, the effects of certain exogenous variables on sentence length differ, depending upon the selection criteria. Of these, the influence of pleading guilty rather than going to trial is especially interesting. Overall, our findings are consistent with the possibility that selectivity bias has concealed effects of sentence bargaining in some earlier studies.The data utilized in this study were collected and made available by the State of California Department of Justice, Bureau of Criminal Statistics. The Department of Justice bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations presented here.     

试论群体性事件中警察与媒体的关系建设

公安机关在群体性事件预防和处置过程当中,公共关系策略的运用发挥了重要的作用。媒体作为公安机关与公众之间联系的桥梁和纽带,其作用更加不容忽视。因此,我国公安机关有必要以科学的发展观为指导,以构建和谐社会为目标,积极探索在群体性事件当中警察与媒体的"双赢"关系建设。     

政府在公共安全管理中的角色分析——透视雪灾应急管理

当今世界,各国政府都面临着各种各样的挑战,公共安全危机事件就是其中的一种。各国政府之所以重视危机事件的处理,其原因在于危机事件的处理关系到政府的公信力和执政地位。鉴于我国政府对于危机管理的研究起步较晚,与西方发达国家相比,政府在危机管理能力和水平上还有一定差距。为了提高我国政府在危机事件管理中的能力,我们需要明确,在危机事件的处置中,政府应承担何种责任;在危机事件处理的不同阶段,政府应担当何种角色。     

网络集群事件研究探析

我国学术界习用的"网络群体性事件"概念带有否定和负面的内涵,且概念界定不清晰,宜用"网络集群事件"概念所取代。西方集群行为研究形成了一系列理论成果,可将它们作为我国网络集群事件研究的理论基础。根据网络集群事件的基本要素,可构建由网络集群、网络集群行为、网络传播和应对策略等构成的研究框架。     

群体性事件与网络、网络舆情研究述评

中国正处于群体性事件的易发、多发和高发期,频发的群体性事件已经成为影响社会稳定的最为突出的问题。近年来,几乎所有的群体性事件的发生发展都体现了网络及网络舆情的推波助澜作用。群体性事件中的网络及网络舆情既是党政部门的工作重点,又是学术界的重要研究课题。     

The Sources of Pension Reforms in Western Europe: Domestic Factors,Policy Diffusion,or Common Shock?

Existing research has linked the adoption of pension reforms to demographic pressures, party ideology, and the diffusion of social policy ideas. We argue that pension policy change in Western Europe is also related to the “shock” of European Monetary Union (EMU). We use a Spatial Autoregressive Probit model with event-history features to test whether the decision to reform can be best explained by domestic factors, diffusion dynamics, or similar exposure to a common shock. We find that EMU made pension reform more likely for low and moderately indebted countries in the early 1990s but delayed reform in the late 1990s. Demographic pressures and policy diffusion also mattered for reform adoption, but not more than the EMU shock.     

A New Tool for Coding and Interpreting Injuries in Fatal Airplane Crashes: The Crash Injury Pattern Assessment Tool Application to the Air France Flight AF447 Disaster (Rio de Janeiro–Paris), 1st of June 2009

For investigation of air disasters, crash reconstruction is obtained using data from flight recorders, physical evidence from the site, and injuries patterns of the victims. This article describes a new software, Crash Injury Pattern Assessment Tool (CIPAT), to code and analyze injuries. The coding system was derived from the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS). Scores were created corresponding to the amount of energy required causing the trauma (ER), and the software was developed to compute summary variables related to the position (assigned seat) of victims. A dataset was built from the postmortem examination of 154/228 victims of the Air France disaster (June 2009), recovered from the Atlantic Ocean after a complex and difficult task at a depth of 12790 ft. The use of CIPAT allowed to precise cause and circumstances of deaths and confirmed major dynamics parameters of the crash event established by the French Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authority.