当事人主义:“转型论”信条批判分析

“转型论”界定当事人主义的标准与其将大陆法系民事诉讼也归为当事人主义的观点相冲突。其主张实际是准极端当事人主义。它不当援用了“法治三阶段说”,忽略了普通法系民事诉讼中的强职权主义成分,将法官职权介入大致对应于法官不中立。当事人主义不能“独占”其接受的结论,对其他重大问题的处理也不能提供帮助,家事案件的审理应采职权主义,这些都表明当事人主义不具有“顶层”地位。转型论要求对当事人主义的“绝对”服从近似于演绎论,排斥多角度的理性考量和论证。它对于当事人意志的尊重可能会流于形式,且已严重削弱释明制度,并可能对法官的事实认定产生消极影响。     

CasaPound Italia’s cultural imaginary

ABSTRACT

CasaPound Italia (CPI) is an Italian extreme-right movement. It has its headquarters in Rome but the movement has branches in other northern and southern cities. Members of CPI define themselves as ‘Fascists of the Third Millennium’. Bulli’s article focuses on the mix of cultural imaginaries that the organization offers to its members and sympathizers as well as for public consumption. The movement is able to function at different levels of political mobilization—and to recruit members by presenting a targeted set of incentives designed to engage them politically—which include various forms of cultural identification. All these levels are linked by a common idealized subjectivity that brings together classic elements of historic Fascism, including cultural references to the ‘speed of action’ typical of Futurism, with an overcoming of the party-centred post-Fascist Italian political subculture. Bulli’s article emphasizes CPI’s strategic construction of a multifaceted cultural imaginary in which language, communication and codes of conduct play a role comparable to values and ideology.     

公安机关在极端天气类自然灾害临战处置中的职责——美国圣路易斯市应急预案给我们的启示

极端天气类自然灾害会给社会带来重大损失，对极端天气类自然灾害的临战处置是公安机关义不容辞的责任。本文通过对美国圣路易斯市应急预案中“极端天气标准应急管理分系统”的相关分析，结合2008年春节以来公安机关抗击雨雪冰冻灾害的成功经验，明确了公安机关在极端天气类自然灾害临战处置中的两类职责，对提高公安机关应对该类突发事件的能力具有重大促进作用。     

把握社会情绪维护和谐稳定——从近期一些地方社会冲突事件多发看和谐社会的构建

一些地方接连发生多起暴力冲突和极端事件，行业群体性事件也呈多发态势，直接威胁社会安全和稳定。究其原因，暴露出部分地方社会情绪趋向消极，成为威胁社会安全和稳定的“火药桶”。及时、正确地疏导和引导社会情绪，缓解社会矛盾，对进一步维持社会稳定具有十分重要的意义。     

个人极端暴力事件产生的心理原因与预防对策

近一、两年来,我国个人极端暴力事件频发,给社会带来了极大的危害,给国家和人民的生命财产造成了重大损失,引起了社会各界的高度关注。个人极端暴力事件发生的原因是多方面、多层次的,其中个体的心理原因起决定性作用;个人极端暴力事件的预防是一个系统工程,它需要全社会的合力,齐抓共管,实施社会和心理综合治理。     

我国个体极端犯罪发生机理研究

近年来我国个体极端犯罪频繁发生,个体极端犯罪正成为中国社会所面临的现实威胁之一。社会转型期中的各种矛盾、压力是导致个人极端犯罪的外在因素,犯罪人的人格缺陷是个体极端犯罪产生的内在原因。个体极端犯罪的动机类型有:谋求经济利益;厌世自杀;报复特定对象;报复社会;激情型;制造个人影响,寻求刺激;复合型动机等。     

恐怖主义问题研究

恐怖主义对国际社会的安全与稳定构成了严重的威胁,已经成为影响地区与世界安全局势的顽疾。恐怖主义的核心特性是追求政治目的与利益并实施或威胁使用暴力。恐怖主义常假借宗教名义,或以极端民族主义、极端意识形态为其思想基础。现代社会对恐怖主义的萌生与发展极具影响,为恐怖主义提供存在的客观环境。反恐怖主义必须着眼于事前预防恐怖主义行为的萌生和事后侦查打击恐怖组织和恐怖分子两大方面,确立反恐怖主义的原则与机制,构建反恐怖情报网络,强化反恐怖侦破工作,加强反恐怖队伍建设。     

The Nouvelle Droite in Portugal: a new strategy for the radical right in the transition from authoritarianism to democracy

Marchi examines how the French Nouvelle Droite (ND) was introduced into Portugal at the end of the Salazarist regime and during the transition to democracy. The relevance of the Portuguese case lies in the fact that the early diffusion of the ND in Europe coincided with the profound crisis of the radical right in Portugal as it faced the liberalization of the authoritarian regime and repression during the revolutionary transition. For that reason the far right in Portugal, in comparative terms, can be seen to have been subject to historical constraints quite different from those in Spain and other Western European democracies. Marchi describes the groups on the Portuguese radical right, and certain figures who were inspired by the ND and disseminated its ideas in Portugal. His analysis of their main publications, their statements and the media campaign to promote the ND from the end of the 1960s to the beginning of the 1980s highlights the different reasons for and ways in which Portuguese radicals engaged and dealt with the ND. Marchi also looks at the reactions of the national right-wing milieu to the spread of ND ideas. As part of his paper’s contribution to comparative studies on the transnational radical right, it also provides new evidence, derived from the Portuguese case, of the way in which one of the most important schools of right-wing thought at the end of the twentieth century has influenced extreme-right milieux all over Europe. In light of Tamir Bar-On's analysis of the ND's cultural and pan-European impact, the findings presented here confirm its transnational character while drawing on this and other cases from southern Europe to question the French movement's long-term effectiveness in reorienting the culture of the right-wing milieu.     

对马克思恩格斯关于犯罪问题论述的新解读

本文突破刑法理论界对马克思、恩格斯关于犯罪问题论述的通说观点,结合特定的历史条件,对马克思、恩格斯关于犯罪问题的论述进行了新的探讨：（1）恩格斯在《英国工人阶级的状况》中封犯罪的阐述,是从无产阶级成长的过程角度来评析,犯罪是工人早期用来反抗资本压迫的行为方式,旨在分析资本的残酷剥削和压迫是产生犯罪的原因;（2）马克思、恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》有关对犯罪的论述,是从政治的角度封犯罪本质的揭示,即反抗统治关系的斗争,并非从刑法学意义上对犯罪概念的界定。     

The dark side of the German ‘welcome culture’: investigating the causes behind attacks on refugees in 2015

In 2015, Germany experienced a record high influx of refugees – and received international praise for its ‘welcome culture’. At the same time, however, attacks on refugees rose to an alarming level. This article describes the distribution of these attacks and probes their causes, using detailed socioeconomic and political data while modelling a hierarchical data structure. Controlling for further relevant factors taken from the extant literature, the analysis first tests whether the strength of extreme right political parties plays a role and, second, it models a contagion effect, taking into account spatial as well as temporal proximity. The findings suggest that the strength of right-wing parties in a district considerably boosts the probability of attacks on refugees in that area. They also corroborate the idea of behavioural contagion. The set of social-structural variables employed as controls yielded only limited explanatory power.