社会保障制度是经济社会协调发展的法治基础

社会保障制度具有减少社会贫困、缩小收入差距、促进经济发展、维护社会稳定、保障居者有其屋、保证劳动者普遍具有较高知识和技能的功能。一个社会在发展经济的同时制定和实施社会保障制度，经济的发展不仅不会因为社会保障资金的有序投入受到影响，而且会保持平稳持续发展，整个社会也会呈协调和谐状态。国际和我国的实践证明，建立和完善社会保障制度是保证经济社会协调发展的法治基础。     

从劳动视角解读马克思世界历史理论

人类劳动的辩证发展是历史向世界历史转变的深层动力。前资本主义社会的特殊劳动为人类历史起步提供了物质基础,形成了封闭、独立的民族历史;资本主义异化劳动下的生产方式通过扩展分工,展现人类改造自然的力量,建立了世界范围内的普遍交往,并将民族历史推向世界历史,但同时它也造成了人与自身,人与社会,人与自然关系的全面对立;世界历史未来的发展趋势是建立在对异化劳动的扬弃上的共产主义基础上,异化劳动向自由劳动转变,人将实现真正的全面的解放。     

Attitudes toward the criminal legal system: Scale development and predictors

The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward the criminal legal system and determine how they are related to rule-violating behaviors and experiences with the criminal legal system. To this end, the Attitudes Toward the Criminal Legal System Scale (ATCLS) was developed and five studies were conducted with participants from New England, including college students, high school students, and the community. Studies 1 and 2 found support for the reliability and validity of the ATCLS, and a relation between the ATCLS and authoritarianism and belief in a just world. Study 3 examined the test–retest reliability of the ATCLS. Studies 4 and 5 were conducted primarily to uncover the relation between the ATCLS and law- or rule-related behaviors with a community and high school sample, respectively. Generally, results suggested that there were no sex differences on the ATCLS, but attitudes toward the criminal legal system might function differently for men and women with regards to authoritarianism and behavior.     

Expectations about victim and offender behaviour during stranger rape

The aim of this study was to examine expectations about victim and offender behaviours during stranger rape. These expectations were compared with the empirically derived data of actual victim and offender behaviours. Furthermore, three attitudes/beliefs were assessed in relation to these expectations: rape myth acceptance, gender role attitudes and belief in a just world (BJW). Seven hundred and fifty-eight undergraduates took part in the study. The results show that participants significantly overestimated the frequency of 29 out of the 30 victim and offender behaviours examined (one behaviour was underestimated). An inconsistent relationship was found in predicting the expectancies via rape myth acceptance, gender role attitudes and BJW. These findings are examined in the context of the criminal justice system and how expectancy violation may affect the perception of rape victim and offenders' behaviours.     

To Repress or Not to Repress—Regime Survival Strategies in the Arab Spring

Authoritarian regimes use repression as an essential strategy to attain regime stability and survival. During the Arab Spring, different forms of repression have been employed. We argue that to explain this variation, three bundles of characteristics have to be taken into account: the setup of the regime, the state, and the challenge. As we assume that elites have a wider repertoire of strategies besides repression at their disposal, the analysis of repression has to be embedded in a broader framework of strategies of rule. Including specific forms and target groups of repression, we develop an explanatory model addressing the question of which repressive measures rulers utilize under which circumstances. The postulated relationship between repression and characteristics of the state, regime, and challenge are then tested in a comparative analysis of the reactions to the challenges arising with the 2011 uprisings in two very different Arab countries, Bahrain and Egypt. On the basis of these empirical findings, we propose a readjusted model explaining repression.     

Why do some Arab citizens see democracy as unsuitable for their country?

Why do some Arab citizens regard democracy favourably but see it as unsuitable for their country? Modernization theory contends that economic development creates modern citizens who demand democracy. Cultural theories see Islam and democracy as incompatible. Government performance theories argue that citizens who perceive the current authoritarian government as acting in a transparent manner will demand greater democracy. I argue that attitudes toward democracy are shaped by beliefs about its political, economic, and religious consequences, including those related to sectarianism. I test this consequence-based theory using Arab Barometer data from six nations. Sixty percent hold favourable views of democracy generally and for their country, while 7% reject democracy. Twenty-seven percent support democracy generally but see it as unsuitable for their country. Beliefs that democracy will have negative consequences and perceptions of poor government performance are the most important predictors of democracy's unsuitability. Modernization theory receives support, but Islamic identity and beliefs do not consistently predict attitudes in the expected direction. These findings offer a more nuanced understanding of Arab public opinion and suggest that concerns about the consequences of free elections affect support for democracy as much as assessments of the political and economic performance of the current authoritarian regime.     

阐释一个真实的中国宪法世界——以“宪法常识”为核心

阐释一个真实的中国宪法世界,不仅具有知识累积的意义,而且具有改进中国宪法制度的工具性价值。依托中国宪法常识,可以认为中国宪法的真实性在于：在宪法性质上乃为去政治化的政治法;在宪法权力结构上乃为以政治主权为主导的二元权力架构;在宪法权利的保障与实现方式上乃为以阶层宪法权利为核心、以政治主权为主导的政治化保障与实现方式;在宪法监督制度上乃为政治主权者基于使命——规律型代表而存在的垄断性与政治化的宪法监督体制。     

男性参与的意义、现状与推动策略

’95世妇会强调了男性参与的重要性,但20年来男性参与在中国仍然做得很不够。男性参与的概念在1994年第一次被正式提出,此后不断受到重视,男性参与具有必要性与可能性,是实现性别平等的重要力量。中国男性参与的理论与实践刚刚起步,需要加强。推动中国的男性参与,应该加强男性参与的理论研究,落实男性参与的现状与经验研究,并且在法律与公共政策、学校教育、大众传播、社会服务等领域制定和落实推动男性参与的具体策略,这些是弘扬’95世妇会精神所必需的。     

探寻海明威的文学“冰山”

美国作家海明威以其独特的"冰山原则"创作手法享誉世界文坛。通过分析他在多篇小说中使用的"冰山原则",可以展示掩藏在"冰山"之下人物丰富的精神世界和作者鲜明的主题思想。     

BRICS development: a long way to a powerful economic club and new international organization

The year 2015 witnessed a bifurcated direction for BRICS and emerging economies: all BRICS members' economic growth slowed or stagnated, resulting in more gloomy forecasts for the future. But at the same time, the New Development Bank was set up. The progress of the preliminary institutionalization of the BRICS was mainly driven by China and Russia, which reflected their strong desire to advance a multilateral world order, and to form a new power base for the non-Western countries. The further substantial development of the BRICS depends upon its capability to overcome the structural obstacles among the five countries, amongst which the huge discrepancy between the economies and the heterogeneous nature of the membership are the most prominent ones.