Perilous semi-presidentialism? On the democratic performance of Timor-Leste government system

ABSTRACT

Timor-Leste chose semi-presidentialism as its government system to steer the country towards a democratic state. This government system became popular in the course of the ‘Third Wave’ of democratization, but has no other example in Southeast Asia. The Timorese Constituent Assembly was guided not by an appraisal of the virtues and pitfalls of competing systems, but by historical and political factors that led it to craft an institutional solution in line with significant features of Timorese society. Yet the specific form of semi-presidentialism adopted in Timor-Leste (‘president-parliamentarism’) is regarded in the literature as prone to instability. However, in spite of episodes of instability, the conclusion emerging from three consecutive presidencies is one of positive steps in democracy-building and consolidation. This is mainly due to the emergence of ‘independent’ presidents who have sought power-sharing arrangements and promoted inclusive governance.     

论日本刑法中的包括一罪——兼谈对我国刑法的启示

日本刑法中的包括一罪,通常 是指对本已符合数个构成要件的数个 行为,包括评价为一次性符合构成要 件的情形。由日本刑法构成要件的形 式化特点所决定,为了将实质上指向 一个法益,反映一个反规范人格态度 的数个行为在一罪内进行评价,需要 寻求构成要件以外的保护法益标准来 补充。我国犯罪构成的实质性特点决 定了,在对类似情况进行评价时无需 在构成要件以外寻求补充标准。为了 赋予相关罪数形态以适当的体系性位 置,引入包括一罪概念应为理想的选 择。     

法律实证主义的强立场——兼评拉兹《法律的权威》

在法律与道德的关系上,拉兹认为有效法律的鉴别标准完全排除道德论证,这就是拉兹的渊源论.渊源论表明所有的法律都具有渊源,渊源论的论据来自权威论.权威以理由为基础,是改变行为理由的能力.法律也要主张权威,法律主张合法性权威是它的一个本质特征.权威性理由是排他性理由,排除了道德因素的可能性,权威论支持了渊源论.权威论受到了来自包容性实证主义者和德沃金的批评,他们的争论共同推进了对法律与道德关系问题的研究.     

Inclusive Factors of Economic Growth: Nature,Region, Livelihood and Harmony——Based on Provincial Dynamic Panel Data GMM Analysis

From the history of economic development and the theory of economic growth perspective, exploring economic inclusive growth need to rely on natural resources, to exist appropriate regional differences, to allow residents to share fruits and harmonious and stable security environment. On the basis of traditional economic growth model, inclusive growth dynamic panel model is built. The empirical results show that: natural resources have a positive effect on promoting economic growth; urban-rural gap exists “inverted U” shaped relationship on economic growth mechanism; two elements of traditional economic growth, employment and physical capital, also promote economic growth; economic growth exists a great inertia. Early total economy has played an important role in promoting economic growth.     

Citizenship and inclusion: rethinking the analytical category of noncitizenship

The paper problematises the category of noncitizenship. It traces its trajectory in accounts of inclusive citizenship and argues that it is difficult to theorise it as a distinct theoretical category outside of citizenship. To support this argument, the paper distinguishes between a pluralist, political and democratic variant of accounts of inclusive citizenship and it shows how they all end up reducing noncitizenship to a journey to citizenship. To overcome this limit, the paper develops the idea of subversive politicisation and suggests that injustices and inequalities can be challenged without falling back on the vocabulary of citizenship.     

数字经济与未来的工作

我国经济发展处于新旧动能交替期,一方面以大数据、信息技术和人工智能为动能的数字经济持续上行,另一方面以劳动力和资源要素为驱动的传统经济缓慢下行。而我国新增就业数量还依然有所上升。即使存在统计性问题,这一现象仍说明技术进步对就业的影响已经发生转变,这种转变可能来自数字经济发展缓冲了传统经济下行期的失业风险,也可能来自未来的工作内容与工作方式的转变。为此,本文沿着相关文献的路径,结合此次数字化特征对技术进步影响工作岗位的机制进行分析,探究数字经济与未来工作的可能,在此基础上提出未来劳动力市场可能面临的风险,并提出包容性治理的政策建议。