我国公共政策执行监督机制的完善——基于执行监督主体的视角

我国的公共政策执行监督主体存在着监督意识淡薄、监督地位低、监督合力缺乏等三方面的问题，我们应加强对这三方面问题的治理，以使我国的公共政策执行监督机制更加完善。     

欧洲民主社会主义的宗教理论和宗教政策

当今世界社会主义众多流派中 ,民主社会主义是一个影响力很大的流派。作为一个完整系统的思想理论体系 ,民主社会主义的内容十分广泛 ,涉及政治、经济、社会、国际等各领域。本文仅对欧洲民主社会主义的宗教观、宗教理论和宗教政策进行了初步研究。     

The Role of Protestant Missionaires in Mexico’s Indigenous Awakening

Protestantism has grown rapidly among Latin America’s indigenous population since the 1980s. Despite Protestantism’s attractiveness to indigenous people, the literature has historically regarded it as incompatible with indigenous culture. Recent scholarship has moved beyond this assertion, focusing instead on the complexities of conversion and the paradoxes associated with it. Most scholars now argue that Protestantism can be compatible with indigenous culture. It is unclear, however, how Protestant institutions came to have a compatible relationship with indigenous culture. Indeed, Protestant churches/clergy continue to eschew many of the practices associated with indigenous culture. In this paper I address this question by examining the work of Protestant missionaries. I choose missionaries as my point of analysis because they were crucial in establishing Protestantism in the region, and thus the base point from which it is defined, practiced, and altered. As a case study I examine mission work in Oaxaca, Mexico. I argue that missionaries have changed both their conversion strategies and tactics for dealing with indigenous traditions. These changes make it easier for indigenous people to convert to Protestantism without rejecting key parts of their culture, and in a few cases by even embracing it. I examine two conversion strategies—group targeting and church planting. I also analyze three tactics missionaries use to negotiate indigenous customs considered ‘pagan.’ I choose tequio, village fiestas, and language politics because they have historically been sources of conflict between converts and their Catholic neighbours.     

Mineral wealth and limited redistribution: social transfers and taxation in Botswana

ABSTRACT

There are palpable cracks in the Botswana economic growth success story, most apparent in the evidence of persistent and extreme inequality. This article offers new insights into the Botswana puzzle by focusing on redistributive policies – taxation and transfers – as potential mechanisms to tackle poverty and inequality. The historical analysis explores how the minimal redistributive policies reflect the interests of the elites and how these actors justify their policy decisions with reference to the needs of the poor – an important electoral constituency; and it links policy developments to social and economic outcomes where no comprehensive social security system and negligible taxations means that only the well-to-do are in positions of income security and only the most vulnerable receive some relief. Diamond-rich Botswana avoids taxing its citizens. In terms of citizen engagement and ability to pursue social justice this may be a mistake.     

The clash of ideologies: Notions of multiparty (liberal) democracy versus African systems

In South Africa traditional leaders, aka (also known as) chiefs or collaborators, had hoped that the new liberation political environment would retain and safeguard their deeply embedded cultural practices and values, which had existed for centuries, but had been partly violated during the colonial era. However, the new liberation era brought with it notions of liberal democracy—characterised by concepts of meritorious selections, based on democratic “elections”, a practice that further marginalised and frustrated hereditary cultural norms and practices, upon which the pillars and identities of each ethnic group or community were based. In discussing the complex and interlocking interests, epochs of colonial and postcolonial experience, the introduction of “foreign” meritorious notions that dispensed with the craved hereditary positions, the chiefs, traditional leaders and former collaborators appear to have been forced to abandon the liberation project and take up the issue of their survival as custodians of customs and chiefdoms; even against the messaging coming from the new political classes. Inevitably, this has created new tensions in the political governance of urban and rural communities, by elected officials who have either failed or succeeded to coopt traditional leaders. This article argues for a balance between democracy and traditional leadership that can inform modern electoral processes and modernise the cultural practices and eliminate unnecessary conflict and tensions.     

应对低碳壁垒我国对外贸易的政策调整与法制完善

全球气候异常变暖和环境持续恶化使低碳和节能减排成为当前最热门的话题。低碳的兴起是世界人民对保护环境的清醒认识和实践,其对改善全球生态环境的积极影响是毋庸置疑的;但是,由此形成的低碳壁垒给国际贸易关系带来的巨变也是不容忽视的。针对单个国家来说,低碳热潮带来的机遇和危机并存,因此,如何预见危机而发现机遇,消除危机而创造机遇,是提升本国在国际贸易中地位的重要举措。     

包容他者 追求超越——政府重大政策出台及实施的咨询评估制度研究（以上海为例）

政府重大决策咨询评估制度建设在本质上是一种负载文化的政治行为。上海政府重建决策咨询评估体制时,必须融会贯通世界、中国和上海三个层次的文化理念：宽容＂他者＂的时代精神;构建＂和谐＂的中国特色;追求＂超越＂的上海精神;应该从传统的决策惯性中解放出来,包容他者,超越自我;构建有上海文化品位或个性的决策咨询评估体系。     

21世纪初越南教育政策的特点与趋势

进入21世纪以来,面对国际和国内社会环境的深刻变化,越南出台了一系列教育政策,着力于改革教育管理,加强师资队伍建设,扩大社会参与,普及全民教育,扶持民族教育,推进教育国际交流与合作,以促使越南教育进入与经济社会变化相适应的发展轨道,为国家实现工业化和现代化奠定基础和注入动力。     

我国传统轻工业产业升级与结构调整中的政府功能探析

当前推进传统产业升级、提升自主创新能力是实现我国产业结构调整和经济发展方式转变的一项重要内容。轻工制造业作为我国传统的优势产业,在保持社会稳定、解决就业以及扩大内需方面都具有重要的现实意义。本文以制笔业这一典型的轻工劳动密集型行业为例,分析了现阶段制约我国轻工产业升级和结构调整的主要现实问题,并从六个方面探讨了在推进我国轻工产业结构调整和自主创新能力发展中如何发挥政府的功能性作用。     

Climate resilient planning in Bangladesh: a review of progress and early experiences of moving from planning to implementation

Bangladesh is one of the first least developed countries (LDCs) to develop a long-term climate change strategy, the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP). Two funds were set up after developing the BCCSAP, one using government resources (BCCTF) and the other using donor resources (BCCRF). This paper uses the “building blocks” framework to analyse changes that occur when progressing from planning to finance and implementation by comparing the BCCRF and BCCTF. This analysis reveals how governance enablers are influenced by political economy dynamics that steer funding decisions and implementation outcomes, and provides lessons for countries pursuing climate resilience.