Clustering of Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Potentials and Limitations

The concept of clustering of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), i.e. the integration of groups of MEAs or parts thereof, has acquired prominence in recent discussions about reforming international environmental governance. Understood as a continuing process, clustering of MEAs aims at advancing the ongoing process of integrating the elements of this system more systematically and dynamically. This paper proceeds in three steps. First, it demonstrates that a distinction needs to be made between clustering of organisational elements of MEAs and their functions, since the conditions and the effects of their integration differ significantly. Second, it argues that – in contrast to several existing approaches that seek to build clusters starting from similarities in one dimension – any attempt to integrate elements of MEAs needs to be based upon the analysis of a range of factors that influence the prospects of such integration (including overlap of membership and issues, practical feasibility, legal obstacles, and functional requirements). Third, the article contrasts the main potential benefits of a clustering of MEAs, namely efficiency gains and an increase in the coherence of international environmental governance, with the main challenges of international environmental policy, namely reaching agreement, implementing such agreement effectively and preventing/managing inter-institutional conflict. While clustering cannot be expected to make a significant direct contribution to addressing these challenges, it has a potential to economise and enhance the system of international environmental governance with positive indirect effects promoting better international environmental protection in the longer term.     

与时俱进与政府创新

随着社会经济的发展,政府创新势在必行。通过创新政府理念,发展电子政务,建立学习型政府和富有创造精神的公务员队伍,来推动政府理念、目标、能力、形象的全面创新,不仅是与时俱进的精神内涵和具体要求,也是弘扬与时俱进精神的必然要求。。     

消除信息不对称 深化企业民主管理

企业产业结构调整,使企业的人际关系出现了种种不协调现象,在一定程度上影响了企业和社会的稳定.其中的原因之一,用经济学原理来解释就是信息不对称,即企业的管理者一方掌握较多的信息,而职工一方掌握的信息则较少.解决好信息不对称问题,可以为企业民主管理寻找到一条新路子.     

俄波捷体制改革国资管理的经验教训

俄罗斯、波兰、捷克已基本完成了由计划经济向市场经济的转轨,经济步入了增长通道。通过设立专门的管理机构、明确出资人代表、管理法制化等,逐步形成了比较完整的国有资产管理体制,使国有资产管理走上了规范化的道路。     

股市泡沫破灭后的世界经济

世界经济在2001年经历了IT产业泡沫破灭带来的衰退后,2002年又遭受了全球股价大幅度下跌的冲击。股市泡沫的破灭是20世纪80年代以来金融创新所导致的虚拟经济过度繁荣的结果,它使世界经济衰退除了受到供给与需求失衡的因素影响外,还受到企业和居民户为摆脱债务负担而减少支出的影响。股市泡沫破灭加剧了全球通货紧缩的程度。受这些因素的影响,世界经济的全面复苏要推迟到2003年年中以后。     

论跟进式制度变迁

跟进式制度变迁是介于供给主导性制度变迁和需求主导性制度变迁之间的一种变迁方式。本对跟进式制度变迁的概念、性质、运行规律和跟进制度的本地化等问题，进行了初步分析。     

Argentina: Up a Blind Alley Once Again

This article attempts to respond to a simple question: What are the factors which caused the December crisis and whether or not they have been defused since president Duhalde came to power? The answer, by contrast, does not appear to be so straightforward. After analyzing a broad range of causes, some of which were thought of as harbingers of democratic breakdown and some which are considered driving forces of the current instability, this article points out two combined causes in the Argentinean crisis: the fragmentation of the politico–institutional system and the extreme dependency of its economy on foreign credit. Given the fact that both reasons cannot be fully understood simply in terms of historical precedent, the article also looks at what is new in this case.     

侵财犯罪案件侦查的困惑、反思与出路

面对形势严峻的侵财犯罪,公安机关侦查部门应该认真反思,转变传统观念,拓展侵财犯罪侦查模式,充实和创新侵财犯罪的侦查机制、方法和手段。     

浅议农村公共产品的供给

农村公共产品的供给关系到我国新农村建设的成败。要实行农村公共产品供给机制的创新,同时借鉴国内外成功经验,重构一个成熟、系统的农村公共产品供给机制。     

唯物辩证地看待现代西方哲学的创新理论

现代西方哲学包括人本主义、科学主义以及实用主义等派别。人本主义崇尚人的自由自觉特性,科学主义总结了人类思维发展的规律,实用主义提出了一切行动的评判原则,三者结合为创新营造了积极的文化价值氛围。唯物辩证法地看待现代西方哲学的创新理论,我们可以得出如下结论:个性自由是对传统束缚的“破”,科学思维方式是创新模式的“立”,重视结果与效用指出了创新的方向,现代西方哲学诸流派在对旧文化的扬弃中,在打破与重构、对立与统一中重建了创新价值系统。