风险社会中刑事司法程序若干问题的思考

在风险社会中,科技发展也促进了犯罪形势的变化,刑法理论在某些方面已经作了一定改变。基于刑事一体化的考虑,刑事司法程序也应作出相应变化。“9·11”事件对传统刑事司法程序理念冲击很大,刑事程序中科技证据的运用和刑事公益诉讼的完善,应引起一定的关注。     

Preferences,Knowledge, and Citizen Probability Assessments of the Terrorism Risk of Nuclear Power

How does the American public assess risk when it comes to national security issues? This paper addresses this question by analyzing variation in citizen probability assessments of the terrorism risk of nuclear power plants. Drawing on the literature on how motivated reasoning, selective information processing, and domain‐specific knowledge influence public opinion, we argue that heterogeneous issue preferences and knowledge of nuclear energy and homeland security have important explanatory power. Using original data from a unique 2009 national survey in the United States, we show that Americans are divided in their probability assessments of the terrorism risk of nuclear power plants. Consistent with our theoretical expectations, individuals who support using nuclear power to meet rising energy demands, who are generally less concerned with terrorism, or who are more knowledgeable about terrorism and nuclear security tend to provide lower assessments of the likelihood that nuclear power plants increase terrorist attacks, and vice versa. The findings have implications for the literature on public opinion, risk assessment, energy policy and planning, and homeland security.     

论罪犯心理危险性分类技术——以罪犯个案矫正为视角

对罪犯的分类是作为一种适应罪犯需要的处遇方式和矫正活动。罪犯的心理危险性具有未知性、潜在性和偶发性特点。罪犯的心理危险性干预属于心理矫治的范畴,具有维护监狱的安全和秩序的价值。决定罪犯心理危险性依据主要是对罪犯以往犯罪状况所进行的预测和评估。罪犯心理危险性分类技术主要有调查分类技术和定量评价技术。     

公诉环节风险评估预警机制的科学构建

公诉环节风险评估预警机制对于化解社会矛盾、维护稳定、促进和谐具有重要意义。公诉环节风险评估机制具有容纳冲突、预测风险等内在价值,通过明确和规范其适用程序、责任追究机制及完善内处部门协调联动机制、加强释法说理等工作可以构建科学、合理的公诉环节风险评估预警机制。     

大学生自杀风险评估的两种模型及操作流程

大学生自杀风险评估是高校危机干预工作者通过观察、分析和会谈询问等方式,估计和确定特定大学生个体自杀危险程度的过程。自杀风险评估是做好大学生自杀预防与干预工作的起点和核心环节,妥善运用自杀风险评估技术,有助于建立科学的自杀预防与干预工作机制,提高大学生自杀预防与危机干预的效能。     

论我国房屋征收的社会稳定风险评估机制的功能定位及其架构——一个风险规制的行政法学视角

我国房屋征收领域已经存在系统的社会风险。作为政治系统对法律系统的环境影响,重塑征收的合法性应注意房屋征收法制中社会稳定风险评估机制的功能定位;凝聚价值共识、扩大公众参与、注重反思理性应当成为房屋征收社会稳定评估机制的架构基础。     

The association between body mass index and pulmonary thromboembolism in an autopsy population

Abstract: To evaluate the association between obesity and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in a forensic context, 160 autopsy cases of fatal PTE were compared with age‐ and gender‐matched controls. The mean age of cases was 66 years (range 26–98 years; M/F 74:86). The mean body mass index (BMI) of cases with PTE was 30.88 (range 14.95–79.51), which was significantly higher than in the controls (mean BMI = 25.33; range 12.49–61.84) (p < 0.0001). Comparing the group with PTE with controls showed that five (3.1%) compared to 20 (12.5%) were underweight, 39 (24.4%) compared to 67 (41.88%) were of normal weight, 49 (30.63%) compared to 43 (26.88%) were overweight, 43 (26.88%) compared to 24 (15%) were obese, and 24 (15.0%) compared to six (3.75%) were morbidly obese. In each category of above‐normal BMIs, there were significantly greater numbers in the groups with PTE: overweight (p < 0.01), obese (p < 0.001), and morbidly obese (p < 0.0001).     

Reform of Nuclear Disasters＇ Legislation Adapting to Climate Change

核灾害的应对重在预防,而气候变化改变了核灾害的成灾机理,强化和放大了灾害风险。适应气候变化的核灾害应对制度变革：立法理念必须从减轻灾害向减轻灾害风险转变;内容创新必须重点突出核设施选址中夯实程序的完整性、非居住区和规划限制区制度中补充发展权补偿内容、防灾规划在体系完善基础上“融入主流”等三个方面;运行机制改革应该在国际层面创建多中心的灾害风险治理框架,在国内层面推进“三元、三级”的统舍与协调。     

Theory and racial profiling: Shortcomings and future directions in research

The volatile political environment that surrounds the issue of “racial profiling” has led local and state police agencies across the nation to start collecting information about traffic and pedestrian stops. The controversy over this issue is overwhelmed by the unsupported assumption that all race-based decision making by police officers is motivated by individual police officers' racial prejudice. This article reviews recently published studies on racial profiling and critiques both their methods and conclusions. Using the conceptual framework for police research presented by Bernard and Engel, it reviews a number of theories that may explain racial disparities in the rates of police stops. The authors argue that to explain police behavior better, theoretical models must guide future data collection efforts.     

风险社会的刑法调适——以危险犯的扩张为视角

风险社会的实质是人类在从现代技术手段获益的同时,却无法完全掌控这些手段,陷入对自身行为所可能带来的风险无法预测与控制的境地。风险社会的风险源于人的决策与行为,因此,如何有效管控人的行为,最大限度地规避与控制各种潜在风险,成为人类社会所面临的共同任务。作为社会调控最后手段的刑法也必须针对当前的风险状况及时做出回应。现行刑法基于传统的以实害犯为主的立法模式,无法有效地规制各种风险行为。危险犯的立法设计,特别是抽象危险犯的设置,能够将刑法的保护防线提前,从而达成法益保护的早期化,有利于对社会共同体的安全保障,是应对风险行为的有效处置手段。