Can Jurors Recognize Missing Control Groups,Confounds, and Experimenter Bias in Psychological Science?

This study examined the ability of jury-eligible community members (N = 248) to detect internal validity threats in psychological science presented during a trial. Participants read a case summary in which an expert testified about a study that varied in internal validity (valid, missing control group, confound, and experimenter bias) and ecological validity (high, low). Ratings of expert evidence quality and expert credibility were higher for the valid versus missing control group versions only. Internal validity did not influence verdict or ratings of plaintiff credibility and no differences emerged as a function of ecological validity. Expert evidence quality, expert credibility, and plaintiff credibility were positively correlated with verdict. Implications for the scientific reasoning literature and for trials containing psychological science are discussed.     

Testing the three- and four-factor models of the Korean version PCL-R as predictors of two antisocial outcomes – recidivism and risk

Psychopathy has consistently been associated with antisocial outcomes. The three- and four-factor models have been best fitted to data relating to Korean serious offenders (N?=?451), offering construct validity of the Korean Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). However, no study has yet tested the predictive power of the Korean PCL-R to explain two different types of antisocial outcomes: (1) risk of inmates measured by correctional officers during incarceration and (2) recidivism after release. By exploring these two forms of antisociality, here we sought to establish the predictive and construct validities of the Korean version of PCL-R. We found that the deviant lifestyle (Factor 3) performed best for predicting both antisocial forms (risk and recidivism) and that the deficits in interpersonal (Factor 1) and affective (Factor 2) abilities also uniquely predicted one subtype of risk, which suggests the three-factor model is better than the four-factor model in predictions. These findings will be useful for criminal justice experts and practitioners in Korea.     

20世纪80年代后期台湾泡沫经济的起灭及其对当前大陆经济政策的启示

本文回顾了20世纪80年代后期台湾泡沫经济的形成机制及其膨胀和破灭的原因。当前大陆经济也出现了与台湾泡沫经济时期极为相似的经济特征,而且股票市场和房地产市场也出现了资产价格飞涨的现象。对当前大陆经济运行的分析表明中国大陆经济已经具备了类似当年台湾泡沫经济的形成机制。针对中国大陆当前的资产价格泡沫,文章提出了实现经济内外均衡、拓展投资渠道、完善汇率制度以及加强资金流向监管等调控建议。     

试论我国劳动合同的保证担保

在我国现实生活中,用人单位为防范求职者的诚信风险而要求其签定劳动合同保证的现象已大量存在,而劳动合同保证制度在法律上尚无明确的规定。在司法实务中,法官之间对劳动合同保证的性质及效力的认识存在巨大分歧,形成了不同的司法裁判意见,导致劳动合同保证纠纷裁判思路与适用法律混乱,已危及司法裁判权威、法律适用的统一性和严肃性。劳动合同保证其实就是一种特殊保证担保,我国的立法应当承认该类合同的效力,但应同时对其加以限制。     

The medical licensing examination debate

National licensing examinations are typically large‐scale examinations taken early in a career or near the point of graduation, and, importantly, success is required to subsequently be able to practice. They are becoming increasingly popular as a method of quality assurance in the medical workforce, but debate about their contribution to patient safety and the improvement of healthcare outcomes continues. A systematic review of the national licensing examination literature demonstrates that there is disagreement between assessment experts about the strengths and challenges of licensing examinations. This is characterized by a trans‐Atlantic divide between the dominance of psychometric reliability assurance in North America and the wider interpretations of validity, to include consequences, in Europe. We conclude that the debate might benefit from refocusing to what a national licensing examination should assess: to achieve a balance between assessing a breadth of skills and the capacity for such skills in practice, and focusing less on reproducibility.     

Technostress and Commitment to Change: The Moderating Role of Internal Communication

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to examine the predicting role of technostress, on commitment to change. Further, this study assesses the moderating role of internal communication in the technostress and commitment to change relationship. A total of 225 administrative employees in public higher education institutions in the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia participated in the study. The findings indicated that techno-invasion and techno-insecurity were negatively associated to commitment to change, while techno-uncertainty was positively related to commitment to change. Internal communication was found to moderate the relationship between techno-uncertainty and commitment to change. Theoretical and practical ramifications are highlighted.     

法治评估的有效性和准确性——以中国八项法治评估为检验分析对象

自余杭法治指数初创至今,法治评估实践在我国已历经15载,现俨然成为中国法治实践学派的标签。那么量化法治实践中究竟如何才能保证法治评估的有效性和准确性?要回答这一问题,首先需要对我国现有法治评估的有效性和准确性进行科学检验。在明确界分法治评估有效性和准确性概念基础上,采用验证性因子分析法、探索性因子分析法对我国4项法治评估的有效性进行检验。经检验,我国法治评估的有效性特征表现为:结构效度低,理论构想的整体符合度低。采用主成分分析法、重新赋值法对我国8项法治评估的准确性进行检验,结果表明,余杭法治指数、四川依法治省评估、中国法治满意度评估等3项准确度低;江苏依法行政评估等1项准确度一般;中国法治政府评估、广东法治政府满意评价、广东法治社会满意度评价、上海法治满意度指数等4项准确度高。文末根据检验结论,提出保证法治评估有效性和准确性4个方面的实验研究路径。     

mRNA在体液斑鉴定研究中内参基因的选择与应用

利用mRNA分析技术鉴定生物检材中各种体液斑迹的组织属性来源是近年来法医物证学的一个重要进展。终点逆转录PCR和实时荧光定量PCR技术是法医学实验室常用的mRNA检测技术,为保证实验结果的准确性,研究者通常选用组成性表达的管家基因作为内参,对不同样本提取RNA进行质控和标准化,以正确评估目标mRNA在各样本中的表达量。本文聚焦近年来使用mRNA分析技术进行体液斑迹组织属性来源鉴定的研究报道,对这些工作中内参基因的选择与应用效果进行综述。     

分期付款所有权保留买卖合同效力分析

分期付款所有权保留买卖合同效力有对买受人的效力及对出卖人的效力,内容包括:买受人期待权的享有与让与,标的物的保管义务,出卖人所有权之保留、取回权及行使,以及双方当事人对标的物为法律上的处分等若干方面。