劳工标准的决定：中国的实证分析

本文通过实证分析，认为发展中国家劳工标准的高低，是同其生产力发展水平相一致的。因此，发达国家不能要求发展中国家在现有的生产力水平的基础上提高劳工标准。     

国际货运代理独立经营人身份相关问题探讨——兼谈对商务部1998年《〈国际货物运输代理业管理规定〉实施细则》的修改意见

以货运代理业务及多式联运业务发展的情况为基础,从独立经营人的内涵出发,对独立经营人、多式联运经营人与无船承运人之间的关系进行分析,认为上述主体之间既有区别又有联系,但不是完全等同的概念,不能完全替代。建议商务部在修订1998年《<国际货物运输代理业管理规定>实施细则》时,应摒弃"独立经营人"的概念及相关规定。     

国际投资协定中非歧视待遇的适用阶段与例外——兼议中国之对策

非歧视待遇包括国民待遇和最惠国待遇,是许多国际投资协定和与投资有关的协定明确规定的最重要的外国直接投资待遇标准,也是国际投资自由化的关键因素。各协定对其适用的时间范围存在较大分歧,焦点在于非歧视待遇是否适用于投资准入前阶段以及允许缔约国保留哪些例外。     

金融性与国际性：国际金融法本质特征之所在

国际金融法这一概念的本质特征就在于其调整对象具有金融性和国际性。从金融的内涵看,资金融通是金融的初始和基本的本质特征,但当代只有将金融界定为虚拟经济才能容纳全部的金融实践。金融性将国际金融法与研究国际关系问题的其它学科或科学区分开来。从外延看,金融涵盖货币、银行、证券、保险等,国际金融法相应地包括以上领域的制度。由于WTO将商业存在作为金融服务提供的方式之一,传统的"国际"标准暴露出其局限性,因此,国际性应将外国在东道国建立商业存在而发生的各类金融关系包括进来。国际性将国际金融法与国内金融法区分开来,而金融性与国际性的结合使国际金融关系成为国际金融法独有和特定的调整对象。     

On prediction in political science

This article discusses recent moves in political science that emphasise predicting future events rather than theoretically explaining past ones or understanding empirical generalisations. Two types of prediction are defined: pragmatic, and scientific. The main aim of political science is explanation, which requires scientific prediction. Scientific prediction does not necessarily entail pragmatic prediction nor does it necessarily refer to the future, though both are desiderata for political science. Pragmatic prediction is not necessarily explanatory, and emphasising pragmatic prediction will lead to disappointment, as it will not always help in understanding how to intervene to change future outcomes, and policy makers are likely to be disappointed by its time-scale.     

Alternative South–South development collaboration? The role of China in the Coega Special Economic Zone in South Africa

Aid, in the form of financial aid and investment, has become increasingly prevalent in both bilateral and multilateral partnerships in the BRICS. In Africa, the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation provides the official framings for forms of development assistance to the continent, with financial forms of aid available through the New Development Bank and the China–Africa Development Bank (CADFund). This article explores how Chinese international development assistance has influenced South Africa's economic growth and development strategies and is reshaping South Africa as “gateway” to Africa and continental leader. Special economic zones (SEZs) have become a prioritised form of BRICS development collaboration particularly in terms of Chinese trade and investment expansionism into Africa through South Africa. Chinese international development assistance and foreign direct investment in South Africa in particular are very notable and have been strengthened during the Chinese official state visit prior to the Johannesburg BRICS Summit in 2018. The article critically analyses the development policy discourse on BRICS spearheading an alternative model of South–South international cooperation by examining the Coega SEZ in South Africa, hailed as the most SEZ in Africa. The article critically examines the development alternative potential of the Coega SEZ.     

Does intellectual property lead to economic growth? Insights from a novel IP dataset

While policymakers often make bold claims as to the positive impact of intellectual property (IP) rights on both developed and developing country economies, the empirical literature is more ambiguous. IP rights have both incentive and inhibitory effects that are difficult to isolate in the abstract and are dependent on economic context. To unravel these contradictory effects, this article introduces an index that evaluates the strength of IP protection in 124 developing countries for the years 1995 to 2011. We illustrate the value of this index to economics study and show evidence that is consistent with IP leading to increased growth. Our results are further consistent with two causal pathways highlighted in the literature: that IP leads to greater levels of technology transfer and increased domestic inventive activity. Yet other aspects of our study fit uneasily with this simple story. For example, we find evidence suggesting that increased levels of growth lead to greater levels of IP protection, contradictory evidence in the literature linking IP with growth, a lack of evidence that increased levels of IP protection lead to actual use of the IP system, and problems with what IP indexes measure. Because of this, we suggest another – and so far undertheorized – explanation of the links between IP and growth: that IP may have few direct effects on growth and that any causality is a result of belief rather than actual deployment of IP.     

“六个为什么”的实质及其回答尺度

＂六个为什么＂包含了我们党和国家在指导思想、发展道路、政治制度、政党制度、经济制度、发展动力等重大政治问题上的基本思想观点。科学回答＂六个为什么＂,必须把握历史尺度、实践尺度和国际比较尺度。历史尺度强调必须把现实问题放到较长时段的历史长河中,通过清醒的学理分析,形成切合实际的科学理解;实践尺度就是站在实践立场上,从理论与实践的结合上把握理论认识的真理性和科学性;国际比较即以宽阔的世界视野观察中国,从而保持清醒头脑,坚定理想信念。     

中国少数民族文化权利宪法保障之缺失与完善

从新中国宪法发展的历程来看,国家非常重视对少数民族文化权利的尊重、保护和实现。但现行宪法仍存在未将保障少数民族文化权利确认为原则,对少数民族文化权利范围确认过窄,同时,对国家尊重、保护和实现少数民族文化权利的义务规定过少,也缺乏对少数民族文化权利进行有效救济的途径等。因此,需要将保障少数民族文化权利确认为宪法原则,扩大少数民族文化权利的范围和国家尊重、保护和实现少数民族文化权利的义务范围,并完善违宪审查制度等。     

我国反腐败国际合作问题探析

我国反腐败国际合作历史不长，但积极参与了全球、区域内多边和国际双边三个层面的活动，在世界反腐败国际合作中扮演了重要角色。不过，当前我国反腐败国际合作仍存在一些问题，仅从海外追捕腐败分子的实践来看，就面临着“调查取证难，人员遣返难，资金返还难”等一系列问题。我国相关法律规定不符合国际惯例、法律制度不健全、死刑惩罚数量过多以及双边引渡条约数量不足是导致海外追逃成效不高的制度原因；办案人员素质不高、办案经费不足是开展反腐败国际合作的人力物力制约；西方国家对我国人权保护和法治的不信任感、敌对势力对我国形象的破坏以及国内司法腐败现象也影响了我国反腐败国际合作。因此加强制度建设、提高执法人员素质及做好国家形象宣传是推进我国反腐败国际合作进程的当务之急。