略论经济全球化的实质

经济全球化的基本内容是三个自由化:贸易自由化、投资自由化、金融自由化.经济全球化的实质,是西方发达国家、特别是美国通过推行三个自由化进行资本的国际扩张,对全球市场和资源进行再分配.发展中国家要勇于应对这种挑战,善于同国际垄断资本进行周旋,趋利避害,实行"设有安全护栏的对外开放政策",在国际竞争中求得生存和发展.     

缅甸政治形势探析

粉碎一起由军事强人———奈温的亲属策划的家庭政变对许多人来说是好消息 ,但这对民主发展并没有什么帮助。奈温的亲属告诉审问者 ,他们策划政变是因为政府的经济政策导致他们损失了许多钱 ,而且他们不再享有特权。没有人会相信那些被逮捕的人竟然会策划一场“政变”。这起粉碎政变最有可能的目的便是军政府自身在为后奈温时代做准备。军政府旨在打垮奈温家庭势力的紧急行动非常明智。他们不希望出现另一股势力。     

制定国家青年政策的国际经验

联合国青年政策框架和各国制定青年政策的理论及实践表明,国家青年政策的制定必须在立足于本国．国情的同时又注意借鉴国际经验,并对“青年”等基本概念做出明确界定,阐明青年与自然、青年与社会等基本关系,把青年作为未来力量与现实力量的集合体和问题与潜力的统一体。     

孙子“择人而任劳”辨正

人们历来把《孙子兵法·势篇》最后一段“不责于人,故能择人,而任势”中的“人”释为“力战”或“兵众”、“指挥员”,把“择”释为“选择”,这是错误的。本文通过训释字义及考察孙子关于“众寡之用”的关系、兵员多寡优劣与力量强弱的关系,提出了“择人而任势”是指撇除兵员数量多寡这个因素去使用“势”的新观点。     

国际知识产权保护和我国面临的挑战

在全球化中知识产权保护不断强化、中央提出建设创新型国家的大背景下,我国的知识产权保护面临着挑战和机遇。基于对世界上主要国家、地区知识产权制度与相关国际条约及其对我国的影响之考察,对各国及国际的知识产权保护中值得借鉴之处的分析,我们应当做的是:一方面利用知识产权制度业已形成的高端保护推动国民在高新技术与文化产品领域搞创造与创作这个“流”,另一方面积极促成新的知识产权制度来保护我们目前可能处优势的传统知识及生物多样化这个“源”。这样,才更有利于加快我国向“知识经济”与和谐社会发展的进程。     

“破”与“立”:俄罗斯社会转型的历程与现状

俄罗斯的社会转型是先破后立,即以私有化为开端拉开其社会转型的序幕,在经过十余年的痛苦反思和屡受挫折后又将“和谐社会”作为其社会转型“立”的思想基础。它是破得彻底,立得艰难。总结归纳中国、俄罗斯本土和西方学界研究成果、梳理俄罗斯社会转型的历程和现状,使我们对社会转型“破”与“立”的严重脱节是其社会转型代价沉重的内在根源有了更深刻的认识。     

“直接适用的法”与合同准据法的确定

“直接适用的法”是指无须援引法院地冲突规则而必须直接适用于某种涉外民商事关系的强制性法律规范。它在涉外合同准据法的确定中的地位有不同观点 ,本文对此进行了探讨 ,并分析了“直接适用的法”与具体的涉外合同法律适用原则的关系 ,认为“直接适用的法”在适用于涉外合同关系时只应作为对一般冲突规范的限制 ,而不是确定合同准据法的首要原则。     

新形势下流浪乞讨人员的现状分析和对策思考

《城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员救助管理办法》实施以来,流浪乞讨人员从数量到质量都发生了很大的变化。根据流浪乞讨的原因可以将其分为正常、摇摆、反常等三种类型。流浪乞讨人员引发的负面影响主要是影响城市形象,影响社会治安秩序,给城市管理带来难度。对流浪乞讨人员的对策是既要相信政策,澄清错误意识;又要正视问题,制定《办法》配套措施以确保政策的执行。     

Trade Measures and Climate Compliance: Institutional Interplay Between WTO and the Marrakesh Accords

This article examines the potential of trade measures to induce more climate-friendly policies, focusing on the relationship between global trade rules and the Kyoto climate regime. At the core of this interplay is the normative consistency of trade-related rules in the two regimes and any hierarchical relationship between them. The stronger clout of the WTO and its compulsory dispute settlement system suggest that issues involving competing claims would be referred to WTO bodies. Such bodies have so far been restrictive regarding the exceptions in WTO agreements to the general ban on embargoes and discrimination. The normative compatibility of the two regimes will also depend on their participatory interplay, specifically how they differentiate groups of actors as to rights and obligations. Non-members of WTO receive the least protection, and their vulnerability to climate-related trade measures is largely determined by their interdependence with states that consider employment of such measures. Among WTO members, the findings of a dispute settlement body would presumably differ depending on the status of the target under the Kyoto Protocol. A non-complier with Kyoto commitments would be more shielded than a non-party, because by joining the Kyoto regime a non-complier has exposed itself to regime-internal and less trade intrusive measures that should be exhausted first. A third dimension of interplay is linkage, or efforts to influence the regime interplay. To date there has only been moderate cross-agency coordination, but considerable attention is paid within each regime, including in the Millennium Round of trade negotiations, to the desirability of avoiding conflict between them.     

The Future Climate Regime: A Regional Comparison of Proposals

This paper compares and clarifies differences revealed in proposals from different regions on a future multilateral climate regime, after the year 2012. More than 100 articles in English were collected, categorized according to the lead authors region, and then reviewed to identify the general tendencies of each region. Proposals on emission allocation rules were the most popular in Europe, while rules related to international emissions trading dominated proposals from the United States. Few articles came from other Annex I countries, but these generally provided only the most basic aspects of a future regime. Meanwhile, concerns for equity and the relevance of any new regime in terms of sustainable development were clear in proposals from non-Annex I countries. Differences among regions were considered to be a reflection of current circumstances in each authors region. The capacity and culture of authors in some regions were considered to be other possible factors in differences. The paper concludes that recognition of regional background that formulate respective preferences and concerns regarding a future climate regime will be important to help reach a multilateral agreement in future official negotiations.