浅析索马里海盗行为的国际规制

索马里海盗行为已成为国际社会关注的影响和破坏国际海运安全的问题之一,构成了严重危害和平与安全的国际罪行,各国都建立了对海盗犯罪行为的普遍管辖权。目前,许多国家已根据联合国的有关决议和索马里过渡政府的有效同意派军舰赴索马里海域打击海盗。通过分析海盗行为的成因、危害性、打的必要性以及国际合作打击海盗中出现的问题,提出一些打击海盗行为的有益性进路和策略。     

中俄科技合作中知识产权归属问题

科技合作中的知识产权归属是指合作成果及其产生的知识产权权益在合作方之间的分配。由于中俄两国知识产权归属制度的差异,中俄科技合作双方如果在合作协议中对此规定不明确,往往会产生知识产权归属争议。我国十分重视国际科技合作中的知识产权归属问题,一方面通过与俄罗斯谈判签订科技合作协定,提出处理两国科技合作中知识产权归属问题的基本原则与方法,同时制定相关法律、法规及示范法指导国际科技合作活动,从而形成了我国解决国际科技合作中知识产权归属问题的制度框架。     

国际环境保护行政合作机制研究

环境问题本身的国际性使国际合作成为了必然。环境保护的国际合作形式很多,但最主要的合作方式还是各国政府间的国际合作,即国际行政合作。文章从三个方面,即环境国际行政合作的制度性基础、现行合作机制、合作机制中的问题,对国际环境保护行政合作机制进行全面的分析。     

自由贸易协议谈判中的劳工标准问题--以美国和柬埔寨纺织品服装贸易协议为例

从20世纪90年代中期起至今,国际劳工标准已成为以美国为首的发达国家和发展中国家贸易争端中最新的争论焦点,不仅分歧重大,而且难以取得共识.但在美国的积极推动下劳工标准的问题在地区性的自由贸易协议谈判中和一些双边自由贸易协议谈判中取得了重大进展.为提高柬埔寨的劳工标准而使用贸易压力是美国一贯主张在贸易领域遵守国际承认的核心劳工标准的一个典型案例.<美国-柬埔寨纺织品服装贸易协议>可称之为柬埔寨模式政府主导、国际组织介入--普惠制之外的奖惩手段.     

大数据时代金融诈骗构罪标准的缺陷与修正

随着互联网技术的发展,大数据时代已然到来。大数据技术在给人们带来生活便利的同时,也引发了新型的金融诈骗犯罪。大数据时代下,金融诈骗犯罪存在着假借金融平台外衣、利用随机数据团组、责任影响因素多元、社会危害组成复杂等特点。当下金融诈骗犯罪唯数额论的单一构罪标准存在着无法全面反映金融诈骗行为的社会危害性、无法应对风险社会下的新型风险、刑法条文内部规定欠体系化等明显缺陷。基于此,对大数据时代下金融诈骗犯罪的构罪标准进行修正、构建金融诈骗犯罪多元化构罪标准迫在眉睫。具体而言,在修正金融诈骗犯罪的构罪标准时,除了数额因素外,还应当关注金融诈骗行为的影响范围,以及加重情节中的其他认定因素。同时,以大数据时代下金融诈骗犯罪构罪标准的修正为切入点,刑法应当对大数据时代新的犯罪形式、态势进行充分的回应,从改变金融刑法的立法范式、注重对涉数据犯罪链的整体打击、提倡"软法"之治与刑法谦抑性的坚守这三方面进行进一步的修正,以达到刑法"惩罚犯罪、保护人民"的目的。     

What the Trial Judge Needs to Know about the Convention of 23 November 2007 on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance

Since the 1950s, there have been several international multi‐lateral treaties for recognition and enforcement of child and spousal support orders. They operated, primarily, in civil law countries where “creditor‐based jurisdiction” allowed establishment of an order in the country of habitual residence of the child or the custodial parent. The United States, requiring “minimum contacts” with the debtor to establish personal jurisdiction, could not be a party to such agreements. For nearly fifty years the U.S., and a few states, sought to fill the need for international reciprocity by negotiating individual country‐to‐country or state‐to‐country arrangements. With ratification of the 2007 Family Maintenance Convention, the United States was finally able to join in a multi‐lateral treaty. The treaty took effect in the United States on January 1, 2017, establishing procedures for international recognition, enforcement and modification of family support orders with 35 other countries already party to the Convention (including the entire European Union). The grand bargain struck during the negotiations between 2003 and 2007 was that the U.S. would honor a foreign order if, under the facts presented, there were sufficient minimum contacts with the debtor that would have supported personal jurisdiction if the order had been entered in any state in the U.S. If unable to recognize a foreign order, the U.S. agreed to take steps to issue a new one. The treaty establishes administrative procedures that, in many respects, are nearly identical to interstate enforcement of domestic support orders in this country. But there are also aspects of the treaty that are entirely new and warrant explanation for family and juvenile court judges. This article focuses on several unique provisions of the treaty that judges and attorneys need to understand.     

The Mechanics of Cultural Diplomacy: A Comparative Case Study Analysis from the European Context

The National Institutes for Culture have not attracted much scholarly attention examining their managerial practices. The aim of this article is to explore how the state expresses its agency over the Cultural Institutes of six European countries: the UK, Germany, France, Spain, Sweden, and Greece. Agency presents varying modalities, making instrumentalism more multifaceted than has been implied so far. The authors are introducing here a framework of five “touchpoints” to capture and analyze instrumentalism in cultural diplomacy. Funding, agenda setting, evaluation, hierarchy, and appointment power constitute the typical system of interactions between the Cultural Institutes and their reporting authorities.     

BBNJ国际协定中人类共同继承财产原则的去留探析——人类命运共同体理念下的中国因应之策

国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性(BBNJ)养护和可持续利用国际协定的立法进程已进入关键阶段。其中,关于BBNJ国际协定的一般原则或方法条款中是否包含人类共同继承财产原则这一问题,各方代表立场不同,再次成为谈判焦点之一。从全球海洋治理中,国际法理论与实践创新以及国家利益视角分析,得出中国应当支持此原则被明确列入BBNJ国际协定一般性条款之中。但是,解构当前人类共同继承财产原则的法律内涵与适用,结合现有各方立场,得出此原则最终被明确列入BBNJ国际协定一般原则或方法条款中的实然可能性偏小。基于此,建议中国首先立足争议问题本身,将人类命运共同体理念作为价值导向引入BBNJ国际协定,增强各方国际合作与责任承担共识,平衡诉求矛盾,推进BBNJ国际协定的出台与生效;其次,通过引入人类命运共同体理念,完善人类共同继承财产原则的国际法内涵,增强该原则在谈判中的国际认同度与采纳度,并通过阐释中国支持性的主张,进一步增强中国运用人类命运共同体理念参与并引导全球海洋治理的能力。     

The Difficulties of Common Security: On the Need for Value Consensus as a Basis for International Security

The essence of international security is common security, which relies heavily on basic consensus on security concepts and strategies among nations. However, since the beginning of the 20 th century, such a consensus or value basis has become very “thin” as a result of the following four factors: the inception of the global international system along with its cultural diversity; the great changes in political, economic and military arenas; the rise of nationalism and popular politics; and the emergence of superpowers and their antagonistic ideologies. Within strategic culture, there is juxtaposition between confrontational culture and cooperative culture. In security concepts, people have different preferences for national, international or global security. In terms of security strategies, there exist several competing models such as hegemonic stability, balance of power and institutional cooperation. The primary aims of international security remain: avoiding major wars, maintaining the stability of the international system and safeguarding the integrity of the nations. There are two new challenges: promoting global economic justice to avoid any domestic or international conflicts caused by an imbalanced international economic order; and meeting the challenges of various non-conventional security issues affecting human life on a global scale. In an era of security interdependence, the international community must make joint efforts to rebuild the consensus on security in light of the fundamental values of common security and cooperative security, and to practice a truly “international” security strategy so as to break away from the security dilemmas inflicted by each nation’s reliance on its own self-help and competing “national” security strategy.     

Dilemma of confidentiality in international commercial arbitration

Arbitration is universally used in the settlement of international commercial disputes largely due to its inherent confidentiality. However, the expedient element of the confidentiality is encountering challenges mostly owing to public interest or other reasons. This article not only discusses the grounds of confidentiality in arbitration, but also the effective way of its helping those people who wish to respect the confidentiality in international commercial arbitration.